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GT BSN/CNL PHARM > Chemotherapeutics > Flashcards

Chemotherapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in the M stage of the cell cycle

A

mitosis

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2
Q

What happens in the G0 stage of the cell cycle

A

resting

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3
Q

What happens in the S stage of the cell cycle

A

synthesis - doubling of cell’s DNA

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4
Q

list the 6 major categories of anticancer drugs

A

alkylating agents
antimetabolites
antitumor antibiotics
topoisomerase inhibitors
tubulin binding drugs
signal transduction modifiers

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5
Q

How does intermittent chemotherapy work?

A

allow for breaks from chemo for highly proliferative cells to regrow

**malignant cells must grow slower than normal cells for this to be effective

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6
Q

How do phase specific chemotherapeutic agents work?

A

they only work during a specific phase of the cell cycle

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7
Q

How do phase non-specific agents work?

A

work during several phases of the cell cycle

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8
Q

List the tissues that are highly damaged from chemotherapeutics

A

rapidly proliferating cell types

  • bone marrow
  • GI tract
  • hair
  • reproduction
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9
Q

List some symptoms of extravasation of chemotherapeutics

A

pain
burning
swelling
redness
lack of blood return

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10
Q

List some alkylating agents

A

nitrogen mustards (Cyclophosphamide)
nitrosureas (Carmustine)
platinum compounds (Cisplatin, Carboplatin)

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11
Q

How do alkylating agents work?

A

reactive alkyl groups form covalent bonds with nucleotide bases in RN/DNA –> DNA cannot uncoil to replicate

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12
Q

Major AE of alkylating agents

A

bone marrow suppression

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13
Q

Unique serious AE of carmustine

A

pulmonary toxicity

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14
Q

List some platinum compounds

A

Cisplatin
Carboplatin
Oxaliplatin

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15
Q

Mechanism of action of platinum compounds

A

similar to alkylating agents (often classified with them)

cross links DNA –> cannot uncoil –> cannot replicate

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16
Q

Major toxicities for platinum compounds

A

nephrotoxicity
peripheral neuropathy
severe N/V
bone marrow suppression
otoxocity

17
Q

List some antimetabolites

A

folate analogues (methotrexate)
pyrimidine analogues (fluorouracil)
purine analogues (mercaptopurine)

18
Q

mechanism of action of antimetabolites

A

structural analogues of endogenous metabolites. Inhibit DNA via one of:
- direct enzyme inhibition
- incorporation directly into DNA

19
Q

What phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites target

A

S

20
Q

mechanism of action of methotrexate

A

binds dihydrofolate reductase w/ higher affinity than folate. Thus prevents formation of FH4 which is required for nucleoside synthesis

(results in decreased DNA/RNA/protein synthesis)

21
Q

Toxicities that are SPECIFIC to methotrexate

A

pulmonary fibrosis/edema
renal toxicity
hepatic toxicity

22
Q

Toxicities that are SPECIFIC to fluorouracil

A

increased risk of MI x1 week post-admin
neurologic defects
hand & foot syndrome

23
Q

Mechanism of action of topoisomerase inhibitors

A

inhibit topoisomerase, thus DNA cannot uncoil –> replication cannot occur

24
Q

List some topoisomerase inhibitors

A

topotcan
irinatecan
etoposide
teniposide

anthracycline (doxorubicin, danorubicin)

non-anthracyclines (bleomycin)

25
Q

Toxicities SPECIFIC to doxoubicin/daunorubicin

A

red/orange urine & sweat
cardiotoxicity!!!

26
Q

Toxicities SPECIFIC to bleomycin

A

pulmonary toxicity **keep FiO2 <30%

(myelosuppression is rare)

27
Q

List some vinca alkaloids

A

vincristine
vinblastine
vinorelbine

28
Q

mechanism of action of vinca alkaloids

A

bind tubulin & blocks microtubule assembly –> mitosis cannot occur

29
Q

What phase of the cell cycle do vinca alkaloids target

A

M

30
Q

Toxicities specific to vincristine

A

peripheral neuropathy

(very little bone marrow suppression!)

31
Q

List some taxanes

A

paclitaxel
docetaxel

32
Q

mechanism of action of taxanes

A

prevents disassembly of microtubule bundles –> inability to continue w/ cell division

33
Q

toxicities specific to taxanes

A

peripheral neuropathy
muscle & joint pain
cardiac toxicities
severe hypersensitivity reactions

34
Q

list some signal transduction modifiers

A

antiestrogens (tamoxifen)
antiandrogens (flutamide)
monoclonal antibodies
aromatase inhibitors

35
Q

How does bevacizumab work?

A

inhibit VEG-F (vascular endothelial growth factor)

blocks angiogenesis, tumors don’t have adequate blood flow to survive

36
Q

handling of chemotherapeutics for nurses

A

gloves
avoid contact w/ skin/eyes/mucus membranes
don’t break/crush
follow hospital protocols

37
Q

ok for patients to get pregnant on chemotherapeutics?

A

no

38
Q

ok for patients to breastfeed while on chemotherapeutics?

A

no

GT BSN/CNL PHARM (26 decks)

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