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Chemotherapy Flashcards

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1
Q

Antibiotics that inhibit cytoplasmic bacterial (dna gyrase)Topoisomerase II and IV

A

Quinolones

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2
Q

Ciprofloxacin is the drug of choice for

A

anthrax

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3
Q

Possible cardiac complication of fluoroquinolone administration

A

Arrhythmia

often involves a prolonged QT interval

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4
Q

Common ADR of fluoroquinolones

A

Tendonitis
Tendon rupture
Leg cramps
Myalgia

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5
Q

Fluoroquinolones should not be taken simultaneously with antacid medications because they contain

A

metal cations

Impair absorption of the antibiotic

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6
Q

Transfer of DNA between bacteria via bacteriophage

A

Transduction

Staphylococcus aureus

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7
Q

Taking up DNA from resistant Bacteria via environment

A

Transformation

Pneumococci to penicillin G

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8
Q

Transfer of genetic material via sex pilus

A

Conjugation

Escherichia coli to streptomycin

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9
Q

Mechanism of antibacterial resistance

A 
Inactivated enzyme
Efflux pump
Decreased entry
Alterations in binding sites
Absent metabolic pathway
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10
Q

Cross resistance

A

Organism showing antimicrobial resistance may show resistance to related Antimicrobial agents.

2 way:- sulphadiazine…sulphadoxine
1 way:- neomycin—> streptomycin

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11
Q

Superinfection is

A

New infection due to antimicrobial therapy for another infection.
Different causative agents.
Alter normal bacterial flora.

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12
Q

Chloramphenicol in infants may lead to

A

Grey baby syndrome

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13
Q

Sulphonamides to neonates can cause

A

Kernicterus

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14
Q

Genetic abnormality of G6PD defieciency lead to hemolysis on administration of

A

Sulfonamides
Pyrimethamine
Fluoroquinolones
Primaquine

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15
Q

Moa of sulphonamides

A

Competitively inhibit folate synthetase

Inhibit conversion of PABA to dihydrofolic acid.

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16
Q

Sulphonamides cross placental barrier (T/F)

A

T

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17
Q

ADR of sulphonamides

A 
Crystalluria (hematuria, obstruction)
Hypersenstivity(Stenven-Johnson)
Hepatitis
Bone marrow suppression
Kernicterus*(neonate)
Hemolytic anaemia*(g6pd)
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18
Q

Use of sulphadoxine with pyrimethamine

A

Plasmodium falciparum malaria tt(chloroquine resistant)

And sulphadiazine for toxoplasmosis

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19
Q

Silver sulphadiazine used for

A

Burn wounds(silver ions)

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20
Q

Sulphasalazine used for

A

IBD

Arthritis

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21
Q

Eye drops of aulphacetamide used in

A

Ophthalmic infection

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22
Q

Cotrimoxazole ratio

A

5:1
Sulphamethoxazole:trimethoprim

Bactericidal combination of bacteriostatics.(sequential blockade)

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23
Q

Trimethoprim act on

A

Dihydrofolate reductase.
Inhibits
dihyfrofolic acid —>tetrahydrofolic acid

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24
Q

ADR of cotrimoxazole

A 
Skin rash
GiT disturbing
Exfoliative dermatitis (Steven-Johnson)
Glossitis
Stomatitis
Megaloblastic anaemia
Bone marrow suppression
Leukopenia,neutropenia,thrombocytopenia
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25
Uses of cotrimaxazole
``` UTI (gram negatives) Bacterial prostatitis Bronchitis Maxillary sinusitis Otitis media Bac diarrhoea P.jeroveci infection in HIV Nocardiosis Chancroid (H.ducreyi) ```
26
DOC for bac diarrhoea
Fluroquinolones
27
DOC for chancroid (H.ducreyi)
Azithromycin
28
Moa of fluoroquinolones
Inhibit DNA gyrase(topoisomerase II) (gram-) and Topoisomerase IV (gram+)(separate daughter strand)
29
New fluoroquinolones for gram+ infection
Levofloxacin Gemifloxacin Moxifloxacin
30
ADR of fluroquinolones
``` GI Insomnia convulsions Confusion and hallucinations Hypersensitivity (urticaria, eosinophilia, photosensitivity) Tendonitis Cartilage damage(children) QT prolongation (moxifloxacin) ```
31
Fluroquinolone that causes QT prolonagation
Moxifloxacin
32
Uses of fluroquinolones
``` Uncomplicqted UTI Bacterial prostatitis Bac diarrhoea (traveller's diarrhoea) Typhoid STD (urethritis, cervicitis) Skin infection (diabetic foot infection) MTB Leprosy Conjunctivitis Pneumonia and bronchitis Anthrax Neutropenia ```
33
What is the MOA of all Cephalosporins?
Inhibition of Transpeptidase (PBP) | thereby inhibiting the cross-linking of peptidoglycan
34
3rd generation cephalosporin that is avoided in neonates as it competes for bilirubin binding sites on albumin, thereby causing jaundice or exacerbating physiological jaundice.
Ceftriaxone
35
The Gl toxicity of Cephalosporins is
Pseudomembranous colitis.
36
Co administration of cephalosporin and gentamicin causes
Severe Nephrotoxicity
37
ADR of cephalosporins
``` Hypersensitivity (urticaria,anaphylaxis) Cross reactivity with penicillin GIT iv - thrombophlebitis Nephrotoxicity Disulfiram rection(intolerance to alcohol) Thrombocytopenia Hypothrombenemia Platelet dysfunction ```
38
Advantage of using monobactem
Aztreonam Lack cross reactivity with other beta lactams. Inhibit bac cell wall synthesis Only for gram-
39
Drugs for typhoid tt
3rd gen cephalosporins (ceftriaxon,cefoperazon) Fluroquinolones (ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,ofloxacin) Azithromycin(multidrug condition) Chloramphenicol
40
Drugs for MRSA
``` Clindamycin Doxycyclin Minocyclin Tigecyclin Linezolid Vancomycin(VRSA) Streptogramins Daptomycin Ceftaroline(5th gen cephalosporin) Teicoplanin ```
41
Drugs for staphylococcus infection
``` Penicillin Cephalosporin Carbepenems Tigecycline Aminoglycoside(netilmicin) Rifampin And drugs For MRSA ```
42
Active form of isoniazid
Iproniazid
43
Why rifampicin is called as sterilizing agent?
As it can act on all types of bacillery subpopulations. Intracellular Extracellular Apurters(in caseous lesion)
44
Rifampicin + doxycycline for tt of
Brucellosis
45
Rifampicin + beta lactam for tt of
Staph infection Endocarditis Osteomylitis
46
Which drug stains the body fluids orange?
Rifampicin
47
Uses of rifampicin
``` TB + chemoprophylaxis Leprosy Meningitis(high conc. In nasopharynx) Staph infection(with beta lactam) Brucellosis(with doxycyclin) ```
48
Moa of streptomycin
Against extracellular bacilli Active in alkaline pH Intramuscular
49
ADR of streptomycin
Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Neuromuscular blockade
50
ADR of rifampicin
``` Inhibit cyt p450 Hepatotoxicity Flu like syndrome GIT Skin rash Itching flushing ```
51
Rifampicin should not be given with certain drugs as it increases thier metabolism
``` Oral contraceptive Anticoagulant Antidiabetics HIV protease inhibitor Non-neucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor(NNRTI) ```
52
Moa of pyrazinamide
Active in acidic pH Intracellular bacilli Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis by inhibiting fatty acid synthase
53
ADR of pyrazinamide
Dose dependant hepatotoxicity Impair urate excretion (gout) Hyperuricemia
54
Moa of Ethambutol
Inhibit arabinosyl transferases (cell wall synthesis) Prevent resistance Faster sputum conversion No cross resistance
55
ADR of ethambutol
``` Hyperuricemia(gout) Optic neuritis Decreased visual acuity Colour vision defects(red-green) Skin rash itching joint pain ```
56
ADR of Isoniazid
``` Hepatotoxicity (rapid acetylators) Jaundice Peripheral neuritis (neurotoxicity) Arthralgia vit B6 deficiency (anaemia,encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy) Drug induced SLE Psychosis Convulsions Metabolic acidosis Coma ```
57
Multibacillary leprosy include
``` Borderline(BB) Borderline lepromatous(BL) Lepromatous leprosy(LL) ```
58
Paucibacillary leprosy involves
``` Borderline tuberculoid(BT) Tuberculoid(TT) Intermediate leprosy(I) ```
59
Sulphone reaction of Dapsone is characterized by
``` Fever Dermatitis Pruritis Lymphadenopathy Methaemoglobinemia Anaemia Hepatitis ```
60
Characteristic side effect of clofazimine
Reddish black discolouration on skin Pigmentation of conjunctiva,cornea Discolouration of hair,tears,sweat,urine
61
Type 1 lepra reaction
Type 4 delayed Multibacillary + paucibacillary Inflammation of lesions Tenderness and pain Clofazimine Prednisolone
62
Type 2 lepra reaction
``` Type 3 arthus type Erythema nodoaum Tender cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules Antigen involved Thalidomide (not in pregnancy) Aspirin Chloroquine Prednisolone Clofazimine ```

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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