chems Flashcards
(260 cards)
1
Q
Inactivation or removal of microbial toxins, as well as of living microbial pathogens themselves.
A
DECONTAMINATION
2
Q
Method by which solutes and/or solvents cross through a membrane with no energy provided by the cells of the membrane. In embalming, examples include pressure filtration, dialysis, diffusion, and osmosis.
A
PASSIVE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
3
Q
Amount of preservative (formaldehyde) required to effectively preserve remains depends on the condition of the tissues as determined in the embalming analysis.
A
PRESERVATIVE DEMAND aka FORMALDEHYDE DEMAND
3
Q
The passage of solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane aka hindered diffusion.
A
OSMOSIS
4
Q
Positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming solution through the capillary causing passage of embalming fluid from an intravascular to an wall to diffuse with the interstitial fluids; extravascular position.
A
PRESSURE FILTRATION
4
Q
The injection of a specialized chemical in conjunction with the routine arterial chemical.
A
COINJECTION
4
Q
The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached.
A
DIFFUSION
5
Q
Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria.
A
PUTREFACTION
6
Q
(outdated) Method of eye closure in which the upper lid is placed on top of the lower lid.
A
EYELID OVERLAP
6
Q
that amount of formaldehyde necessary to overcome any nitrogen residue and cause the body proteins to become coagulated.
A
FORMALDEHYDE DEMAND
7
Q
Chemicals which will affect adversely certain organs
A
TARGET ORGAN EFFECTS .
8
Q
Injection of very strong arterial fluid (often waterless) under relatively high pressure into head and face through both common carotid arteries to effect preservation and disinfection while minimizing swelling.
A
INSTANT TISSUE FIXATION (“HEAD FREEZE”)
8
Q
Method used to embalm the contents of the cranial cavity through the contents of the cranial cavity through aspiration and injection of the cranial chamber by passage of a trocar through the cribiform plate.
A
CRANIAL EMBALMING
8
Q
Building blocks of which proteins are constructed, and the end products of protein digestion or hydrolysis Their basic formula is NH2-CHR-COOH an amino group, an alpha carbon, any aliphatic or aromatic radical, and a carboxyl group
A
AMINO ACID
9
Q
Report filled out for each body prepared and for each body received from another funeral home.
A
EMBALMING REPORT aka CASE REPORT
10
Q
Chemical in powder form; typically used for surface embalming of the remains.
A
PRESERVATIVE POWDER
10
Q
A central nervous system depressant which can cause symptoms including headache, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue. In high concentrations, stupor and unconsciousness can occur.
A
NARCOTIC
10
Q
dimethylketone; a colorless liquid which is used to soften and remove scabs; a solvent for restorative wax, or a stain remover.
A
ACETONE
10
Q
Destruction of bacteria by action of certain chemical substances.
A
BACTERIOLYSIS
11
Q
An agent employed in the preparation of tissues for the purpose of maintaining the existing form of the structure. Many agents are used, the most important one being formalin.
A
FIXATIVE
12
Q
A vascular incision made at 90 degrees to the long axis of the vessel.
A
TRANSVERSE INCISION
12
Q
An agent or material exposing one to risk.
A
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
13
Q
Process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms.
A
STERILIZATION
14
Q
act of sewing; also the completed stitch.
A
SUTURE
15
Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed; prohibiting recapping of needles, and not allowing blood splatter or aerosolization of blood while draining during the embalming process.
WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS
15
Grey discoloration of the body caused by the reaction of formaldehyde from the embalming process with hemoglobin to form methyl hemoglobin.
FORMALDEHYDE GREY
16
A material capable of causing an abnormal growth of tissue.
NEOPLASTIC AGENT
16
an organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups The general formula for a monohydroxy alcohol is R-OH, where R is a hydrocarbon group.
ALCOHOL
17
The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde The solidification of a sol into a gelatinous mass Agglutination is a specific form of coagulation.
COAGULATION
18
A fluid used primarily to supplement and enhance the action of vascular (arterial) solutions.
COINJECTION FLUID
19
A type of arterial fluid which contains inactive dyes that will not impart a color change upon the body tissues of the deceased aka passive dye.
NON-COSMETIC FLUID
20
A network of stitches which cross the borders of a cavity or excision to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position.
BASKET WEAVE SUTURE aka CROSS STITCH
21
A compound consisting of iodine combined with a carrier, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, often used as a preoperative skin disinfectant.
IODOPHORES
21
Disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process.
CONCURRENT DISINFECTION
22
A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.
HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
23
Decomposition of sugars.
SACCHAROLYSIS
25
Drawing together, or a contraction, of gels which results in the giving off of water.
SYNERESIS
27
A condition resulting from the use of an embalming solution containing an insufficient amount of preservative to meet the preservation demand of the tissues; the interstitial spaces are overly filled, engorged with water.
WATER-LOGGED
27
A substance bringing about precipitation The oxilates formerly used in water conditioning chemicals are now illegal because of the poisonous nature to the embalmer.
PRECIPITANT
27
A special vascular fluid with special bleaching and coloring qualities of use on bodies with jaundice; usually low formaldehyde content.
JAUNDICE FLUID
27
The act of making tissue rigid. The solidification of a compound.
FIXATION
27
Extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body.
GRAVITY FILTRATION
27
A more or less permanent coagulation and stiffening of tissues as a result of exposure to very high temperatures which are constantly above 120 degrees F.
HEAT STIFFENING
27
Causing an allergic reaction after repeated exposure.
SENSITIZER
28
Vascular injection from two or more arteries.
MULTIPOINT INJECTION (MULTIPLE-SITE)
29
Institution of disinfection and decontamination measures after the preparation of the remains.
TERMINAL DISINFECTION
30
In its broadest sense, refers to the moistening, and softening, of any tissue decomposing in a liquid medium.
MACERATION
32
Quality of water containing certain substances, especially soluble salts of calcium and magnesium.
WATER HARDNESS
32
Discharge or withdrawal of blood, interstitial fluid and embalming fluids from the body during vascular embalming. Usually removed through a vein of the body.
DRAINAGE
33
The pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls measured in millimeters of mercury.
BLOOD PRESSURE
34
The act or instance of forcing a fluid into the vascular system or directly into tissues.
INJECTION
34
Passage of some components of the injected embalming solution from an intravascular to an extravascular location; movements of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids.
DIFFUSION SOLUTION
35
Disinfection of the surface of the body or an object.
TOPICAL DISINFECTION
36
A chemical element that is similar in chemical properties to another element, but differs in atomic weight and electric charge and emits an atom that disintegrates by emission of electromagnetic radiation.
RADIONUCLIDE
37
Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one
DEODORANTS/MASKING AGENTS/PERFUMING AGENTS
38
A chemical agent that can “fence off” or “tie up” metal ions so they cannot react with other chemicals.
SEQUESTERING AGENT
38
The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off.
POTENTIAL PRESSURE
38
a single, noose-like suture, not pulled taut before knotting, which stands from the skin and which anchors restorative materials.
LOOP STITCH
40
Method of injection wherein both common carotid arteries are raised.
RESTRICTED CERVICAL INJECTION
41
Procedure whereby the embalmer injects and drains from one site (See one point injection)
SINGLE POINT INJECTION
42
To tie off an artery and vein upon completion of embalming.
LIGATE
42
That pressure which just overcomes the vascular resistance in the body and causes the arterial solution to enter the body at a moderate and uniform rate.
IDEAL INJECTION PRESSURE
43
Other Possibly Infectious Material (or matter)
OPIM
44
Removal of particles (liquid or solid) from a solution, as it passes through a membrane or other partial barrier.
FILTRATION
45
Water loving (Hydro water; philic loving)
HYDROPHILIC
45
Drainage procedure that limits the exposure of the embalmer to the drainage. Tubing is attached to a drain tube allowing drainage to floe directly from a vein into a sanitary disposal system; tubing may also be attached to a trocar and aspirator allowing drainage to be taken from the right atrium of the heart to the sanitary disposal system.
CLOSED SYSTEM DRAINAGE
45
Substances which increase the activity of enzymes.
CO-ENZYMES OR ACCELERATORS
45
Embalming fluid that contains dyes and coloring agents intended to Restore a more natural skin tone through the embalming process.
COSMETIC FLUID
46
(aka surface tension reducer; wetting, penetrating, or surface-active agent) Chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so it can flow through smaller apertures.
SURFACTANT
46
Method of eye closure in which the upper lid is placed on top of the lower lid.
OVERLAP
46
Injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or a trocar.
HYPODERMIC EMBALMING
46
Having a relatively low lethal dose.
HIGHLY TOXIC
47
Method of drainage in which the drainage is stopped at intervals while the injection continues a type of restricted drainage.
INTERMITTENT DRAINAGE
48
Incision on the surface of the skin to raise the common carotid arteries, it is made along the posterior border of the inferior one-third of the stemocleidomastoid muscle.
PARALLEL INCISION
49
Substance thinned or reduced in concentration; a cosmetic lessened in brilliance.
DILUTION
50
Combination of iodine and a solubilizing agent or carrier that liberates free iodine in solution; a chemical disinfectant.
IODOPHOR
51
A carcinogen potentially produced when formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite come into contact with each other; normally occurs only in a controlled laboratory setting and requires a catalyst.
BISCHLOROMETHYL ETHER aka BCME
53
Injection of different regions of the body through the different arteries leading to those regions, as in autopsied cases or multipoint injections.
SECTIONAL INJECTION
54
Chemical and physical agents that bring about coagulation.
COAGULATING AGENTS
55
Injection of an arterial solution composed of a preservative embalming fluid which is diluted with supplemental chemicals such as humectants, water conditioners and co-injections.
WATERLESS EMBALMING
55
Injection and drainage from one location.
ONE POINT INJECTION
56
The separation and pushing aside of the superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and then the deep fascia surrounding blood -vessels, utilizing manual techniques or round ended instruments which separate rather than cut the protective tissues.
BLUNT DISSECTION
57
A non-toxic disinfectant suitable for the use on animal tissue.
ANTISEPTIC
58
Methyl ethyl ketone
MEK
59
Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable, membrane aka Selective Diffusion.
DIALYSIS
60
Rigidity of tissue due to chemical reaction.
FIRMING
61
Is found in products as either the tetrasodium or disodium salt. They rect chemically to “bind” calcium, which inhibits the blood clotting mechanism. It is a skin irritant, causing dryness and cracking.
ETHYLENEDIAMINE TETRACETIC ACID (EDTA)
62
Colloidal solution dispensed as a mist.
AEROSOL
63
Composition of two or more substances that are not chemically bound to each other.
MIXTURE
64
Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and DISINFECTION
SUPPLEMENTAL FLUID
64
Injection that results in the distribution of embalming fluid primarily to the body surface, with little preservation and disinfection of deeper tissues.
SHELL EMBALMING
64
a physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas
SUBLIMATION
65
That time period after the arterial injection.
POSTEMBALMING
66
That amount of radioactive material in which 37 million disintergrate each second. DISINTEGRATE EACH SECOND.
MILLICURIE / MC ATOMS
67
(See Temporary Preservation) The science of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition
PRESERVATION
67
Capable of inducing growth of a tumor
TUMORIGENIC
69
Speed at which solution is injected; measured in ounces per minute.
RATE OF FLOW
71
Substances which temporarily or permanently inhibits and enzyme’s action.
PARALYZER OR INACTIVATOR
72
That consideration given to the dead body prior to, during, and after the embalming procedure is completed; documentation is recommended.
EMBALMING ANALYSIS aka CASE ANALYSIS
72
Clear, volatile liquid used as a wax solvent or to remove grease, oil, and adhesive tape stains.
ETHER
73
That pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body.
ACTUAL PRESSURE
74
A process to promote and establish conditions which minimize or eliminate biohazards.
SANITATION
75
Pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expand and then contract, resulting in filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration.
INTRAVASCULAR PRESSURE
77
To examine by touch.
PALPATE
78
Embalming chemicals which are injected into the cavities of the body following the aspiration in cavity embalming. Cavity flui'd can also be used as the chemical in hypodermic and surface embalming.
CAVITY FLUID
79
perfuming agents.
MASKING AGENT
80
Individual stitch knotted at the tissue edge; may be applied prior to embalming to align tissues.
BRIDGE SUTURE aka TEMPORARY INTERRUPTED SUTURE
81
Tests for death which can be administered by any layperson and is generally regarded as not being reliable.
INEXPERT TESTS FOR DEATH
82
An agent used to remove chemical constituents from municipal water supplies that could interfere with drainage and preservation.
WATER CONDITIONER
83
Decomposition of proteins.
PROTEOLYSIS
84
Special vascular (arterial) fluid with a high HCHO content.
HIGH PRESERVATION DEMAND FLUIDS
85
Autopsy
NECROPSY
86
Treatment of the deceased in the attempt to recreate natural form and color.
RESTORATION
87
A common dye which is used to test for blood circulation.
FLUORESCEIN
88
Intravascular blood discoloration that occurs when arterial solution enters an area (such as the face), but due to blockage, blood and embalming solution are unable to drain from the area.
FLUSH (FLUSHING)
89
Phenol
CARBOLIC ACID
90
surfactant.
WETTING AGENT
92
Substance that easily loses electrons and there-by causes other substances to be reduced; formaldehyde is a strong reducing agent.
REDUCING AGENT
93
Direct contact of internal or external body tissues with embalming chemicals.
SURFACE EMBALMING
95
aka WEDGE INCISION A vascular incision which is made by cutting a small triangular wedge from the wall of the vessel.
TRIANGULAR INCISION
97
The substance that is dissolved in a solution.
SOLUTE
98
The science of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition
TEMPORARY PRESERVATION
99
a substance used to elevate sunken (emaciated) tissues to normal level by hypodermic injection.
TISSUE BUILDER
99
Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals.
ANTICOAGULANT FLUID
100
In embalming, the chemical joining of proteins brought about by the chemical reaction of aldehydes with different forms of nitrogen. Cross-linkage results in firmness of embalmed tissue.
CROSS-LINKAGE OF PROTEINS
100
Embalming where an absorbent material is saturated with an embalming chemical and placed in direct contact with the tissue.
EMBALMING PACK
102
The dilution attained as the embalming solution is mixed in the embalming machine.
PRIMARY DILUTION
103
Artery or arteries initially selected for use in the embalming procedure
PRIMARY INJECTION SITE
104
The total sum of those considerations given the case at hand, beginning before the embalming procedure is begun and continuing throughout the operation.
CASE ANALYSIS
105
Weakening of the embalming solution by the fluids in the body, both vascular and interstitial.
SECONDARY DILUTION
105
Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the embalming fluid to be used.type of embalming, and the environment
MODIFYING AGENTS
106
The mixture of arterial (vascular) fluid and water which is used for the arterial injection and may include supplemental fluids.
ARTERIAL SOLUTION
108
See preinjection fluid.
PRIMARY INJECTION FLUID
108
Direct treatment, other than vascular (arterial) injection, of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera; usually accomplished by aspiration and injection.
CAVITY EMBALMING aka CAVITY TREATMENT
108
Process of soap formation; as related to decomposition, the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called adipocere or grave wax.
SAPONIFICATION
109
Ammonia is injected hypodermically into the skin and if a reddish reaction occurs the body is still alive. This is a non expert test for death.
AMMONIA INJECTION TEST
110
Substances that bind metallic ions such as EDTA -(Ethylenediarnine-tetraceticacid) used as an anticoagulant in embalming solutions.
CHELATE
110
Organic compound found in plants and animals; can be broken down into amino acids.
PROTEIN
111
Substances which will, upon being dissolved, impart a definite color to the embalming solution Dyes are classified as to their capacity to permanently impart color to the tissue of the body into which they are injected.
DYE (COLORING AGENT)
112
the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area.
SURFACE TENSION
114
biohazard.
INFECTIOUS WASTE
115
Pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expand and then contract, resulting in filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration.
INTRAVASCULAR PRESSURE
116
Cloth, wet or dry, folded and applied firmly to a body part.
SURFACE COMPRESS
117
Water containing large amounts of mineral salts The water (vehicle) to be used in mixing vascular embalming solutions should have mineral salts removed or sequestered.
HARD WATER
118
Dye that helps to cover internal discolorations such as jaundice.
COUNTER STAINING COMPOUND
120
A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute to that of a standard of reference.
ISOTONIC SOLUTION
122
Metabolic by-products that contain nitrogen, such as urea and uric acid These compounds have a high affinity for formaldehyde and tend to neutralize embalming chemicals.
NITROGENOUS WASTE
124
The recovery of organs or tissues from a cadaver for transplantation purposes.
PROCUREMENT
126
A vascular incision that is made lengthwise on a vessel.
LONGITUDINAL INCISION
127
a solution containing a relatively large amount of solute.
CONCENTRATED SOLUTION
129
The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure Formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100ml of water Index usually refers to a percentage; an embalming fluid with an index of 25 usually contains 25% formaldehyde gas.
INDEX
130
Destruction of red blood cells that liberates hemoglobin.
HEMOLYSIS
131
Molecules of a compound in which the atoms have a slightly different configuration.
ISOMERS
133
A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
135
The amount of pressure produced by an injection device to overcome initial resistance within (intravascular) or on (extravascular)the vascular system (arterial or venous).
INJECTION PRESSURE
137
A liquid holding another substance in solution.
SOLVENT
139
in liquids, muddy with particles of extraneous matter, not clear or transparent.
TURBID
141
Any one of a group of nitrogenous organic compounds formed by the action of putrefactive bacteria on proteins; indole, skatole, cadaverine, and putrescine.
PTOMAINE
142
Degree of acidity or alkalinity The scale ranges from 0 to 14, 0 being completely acid, 14 completely basic, and 7 neutral Blood has a pH of 7.35-7.45.
pH (POTENTIAL OF HYDROGEN)
144
Injection from one site and drainage from a separate site.
SPLIT INJECTION
145
The use of the blood vascular system of the body for temporary preservation, disinfection and restoration; accomplished through injection of embalming solutions into the arteries and drainage from the veins.
VASCULAR (ARTERIAL) EMBALMING
146
a chemical which lightens or blanches skin discolorations.
BLEACH
147
autopsy.
POSTMORTEM EXAMINATION
147
The difference between potential and actual pressure.
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
148
Those agents which will prohibit the growth of mold.
MOLD PREVENTATIVE
150
To force a fluid through (an organ or tissue), especially by way of the blood vessels; injection during vascular (arterial) embalming.
PERFUSION
150
The use of the vascular systems of the body for preservation, disinfection and restoration; usually accomplished through injection of embalming solutions into the arteries and drainage from the veins.
VASCULAR EMBALMING
151
A mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water with 40% by volume, 37% by weight and contains 7% methyl alcohol to prevent polymerization.
FORMALIN
152
Bloodborne pathogens, blood or body fluids exposure, any potentially infective, contaminated waste associated with the preparation of human remains that constitutes a hazard to humans in the workplace.
BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE aka INFECTIOUS WASTE
153
Agent that has the ability to inhibit or retard bacterial growth No destruction of viability of the microorganism is implied.
BACTERIOSTATIC AGENT
155
The injection of a specialized chemical prior to the injection of a routine arterial chemical.
PREINJECTION
156
Liquid containing dissolved substance.
SOLUTION
157
Material used to provide a barrier or seal against any type of leakage of fluid or blood.
SEALING AGENTS
159
Injection that involves use of both common carotid arteries, both axillary or subclavian arteries, and both femoral or enternal iliac arteries.
SIX-POINT INJECTION
160
Any and all techniques to treat a problem area, excision, incision, wicking.
OPERATIVE CORRECTIONS
160
A product of decomposition of fats.
FATTY ACIDS
162
Resins combined with oil; a fragrant, resinous, oily exudate from various trees and plants.
BALSAMIC SUBSTANCE
163
Change in the body's chemical composition that occurs after death (e.g., decomposition, change in body pH, rigor mortis, postmortem stain, postmortem caloricity).
POSTMORTEM CHEMICAL CHANGES
164
a solution-like system in which the size of the solute particle is between 1 and 100 nanometers Particles of solute pass through filters but not membranes.
COLLOID
165
An incision on the surface of the skin used when raising the common carotid arteries It is made from the center of one clavicle by a curve to the center of the other clavicle aka semi-lunar incision
HALF MOON INCISION
167
Fluid injected primarily to prepare the vascular system and body tissues for the injection of the preservative vascular (arterial) solution. This solution is injected before the preservative vascular solution is injected.
PREINJECTION FLUID
168
The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off.
POTENTIAL PRESSURE
169
a suture made around the circumference of a circular opening or puncture to close it or to hold the margins in position.
PURSE STRING SUTURE
170
A material which can cause inheritable genetic changes in offspring.
MUTAGEN
171
A direct method of drain accomplished by inserting a trocar into the right atrium of the heart.
HEART TAP
172
Process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance.
EMBALMING
174
The concentrated, preservative, embalming chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming The purpose is for inactivating saprophytic bacteria and rendering the body tissues less susceptible to decomposition.
ARTERIAL (VASCULAR) FLUID
175
A chemical which lightens a skin discoloration.
BLEACHING AGENT
177
A chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid-base(pH) balance within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissues.
BUFFERS
178
Restorative treatment usually accompa¬nied by aspiration, gravitation, or external pressure to remove gases or excess liquids from tissues; pas¬sages are made through the tissues with a scalpel, hypodermic needle, or trocar.
CHANNELING
180
Method of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the Septum of the nose and around the mandible.
MANDIBULAR SUTURE
181
an organic compound containing one or more –CHO groups The general formula is R-CHO, where R is a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen.
ALDEHYDE
183
An inexpert test for death in which a finger is ligated and if it becomes discolored, then life is present.
LIGATURE TEST
184
An agent which can cause non-inheritable mutations in offspring.
TERATOGEN
185
A process in which a gaseous agent is used to destroy rodents or insects, which act as disease carriers.
FUMIGATION
186
In contaminated air, the parts of vapor or gas (formaldehyde) per million parts of air by volume; in solution the parts of chemical per million parts of solution.
PARTS PER MILLION aka PPM
186
Method of injection-drainage in which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while drainage is open which is a type of restricted drainage.
ALTERNATE DRAINAGE
187
Liquids that serve as a solvent for the numerous ingredients that are incorporated into embalming fluids.
VEHICLE
188
This must accompany a hazardous product; a requirement of the Department of Labor and OSHA nder the hazard communication standard
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET / MSDS
189
Embalming fluids with a high formaldehyde content used on extremely difficult cases in which the embalmer may encounter or on cases in which the embalmer desires a great degree of rigidity generally 30 – 36 + index.
HIGH INDEX ARTERIAL FLUID
191
aka pH Degree of acidity or alkalinity The scale ranges from 0 to 14, 0 being completely acid, 14 completely basic, and 7 neutral blood has a ph of 7.35-7.45.
POTENTIAL OF HYDROGEN
192
A chemical element that is similar in chemical properties to another element, but differs in atomic weight and electric charge and emits radiation.
RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE
194
One of several methods used for mouth closure.
DENTAL TIE
196
Absorbing moisture readily.
HYGROSCOPIC
198
See intermittent and alternate drainage.
RESTRICTED DRAINAGE
199
Drugs or medicines,
PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS
200
homogeneous mixture of two or more substances able to pass through a semi-permeable membrane The size of the solute particles is less than one nanometer.
TRUE SOLUTION
202
A solution in which water is the solvent.
AQUEOUS SOLUTION
203
occurs when venous drainage from an area is decreased
PASSIVE CAPILLARY CONGESTION
203
As related to decomposition the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called adipocere or grave wax.
PROCESS OF SOAP FORMATION (SAPONIFICATION)
204
An incision on the surface of the skin to raise the common carotid arteries It is made along the superior border of the medial one third of the clavicle.
SUPRACLAVICULAR INCISION
205
A vascular incision created by making a short transverse incision at a right angle to the long axis of the vessel; then with the point of the scissors inserted into the original opening, a second incision is made parallel to the long axis of the vessel.
T-SHAPED INCISION
207
The grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another site, or of an organ or tissue from one person to another.
TRANSPLANTATION
208
Supplemental fluid, used with the regular arterial solution whose purpose is to retain body moisture and retard dehydration.
RESTORATIVE FLUID aka HUMECTANT
209
Repeated aspiration of a cavity.
REASPIRATION
211
Method of drainage in which drainage occurs continuously during vascular (arterial) injection.
CONCURRENT DRAINAGE
212
Dehydration caused by using too harsh of an arterial solution to embalm a dead human body.
CHEMICAL EVAPORATION
214
Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unsuitable for nutrition the media upon decompositionwhich such bacteria thrive, and which will arrest by altering enzymes and lysins of the body as well as converting the decomposable tissue to a form less susceptible to decomposition aka fixers.
PRESERVATIVE
215
An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores.
DISINFECTANT
216
Manipulation of tissue in the course of preparation of the body. Always move towards the heart.
MASSAGE
217
To disperse as an aerosol; minute particles of blood and water become atomized and suspended in air when water under pressure meets the blood drainage or when flushing an uncovered flush sink.
AEROSOLIZATION
218
A type of suture used to close incisions in such a manner that the ligature remains entirely under the epidermis.
INTRADERMAL SUTURE aka HIDDEN STITCH
219
Disinfection carried out prior to the embalming process.
PRIMARY DISINFECTION
220
A clean cut made with a sharp instrument; in embalming, a cut made with a scalpel to raise arteries and veins.
INCISION
221
The direct contact of body tissues with embalming chemicals.
SURFACE EMBALMING
222
any substance that imperils health or life when absorbed into the body.
POISON
223
The difference between potential and actual pressure.
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
224
Dyes which aid in restoring a life-like surface pigmentation to a body and also stain the body tissue cells.
ACTIVE DYES/STAINING DYES/COSMETIC DYES
226
The movement of embalming solutions from the point of Injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries.
DISTRIBUTION SOLUTION
227
An unstable salt usually produced in an aqueous solution and used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent.
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
228
The movement of the arterial solution from the point of injection through the blood vascular system.
FLUID DISTRIBUTION
229
Chemicals found in embalming arterial formulations having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one. Historically called reodorants.
PERFUMING AGENTS aka MASKING AGENTS
231
that injection taking place after the initial, primary, or first injection.
SECONDARY INJECTION
232
Withdrawal of gas, fluids, and semi-solids from body cavities and hollow viscera by means of suction with an aspirator and a trocar.
ASPIRATION
233
A compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen; sugars, starches, and glycogen.
CARBOHYDRATE
234
Extravascular color change that occurs when heme, released by hemolysis of red blood cells, seeps through the vessel walls and into the body tissues aka lakeing
POSTMORTEM STAIN
235
The process of seepage or diffusion into tissue of substances that are not ordinarily present
INFILTRATION
236
Reaction in which water is one of the reactants and compounds are often broken down. In the hydrolysis of proteins, the addition of water accompanied by action of enzymes results in the breakdown of protein into amino acids.
HYDROLYSIS
237
Chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture.
HUMECTANT
238
A cosmetic medium able to cover or hide skin discolorations.
OPAQUE COSMETIC
239
Biological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans.
BIOHAZARD
240
Pure or drinkable water. Non-potable is contaminated or undrinkable water.
POTABLE WATER
241
Postmortem, intravascular, red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood can usually be cleared via arterial injection and drainage.
LIVOR MORTIS aka CADAVER LIVIDITY aka POSTMORTEM LIVIDITY
242
The amount of pressure produced by an injection device to overcome initial resistance within (intravascular) or on (extravascular) the vascular system (arterial or venous).
INJECTION PRESSURE
243
an organic compound containing nitrogen; any compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals The general formula for primary amines is R-NH2
AMINE
244
a chemical capable of drying tissues by searing; caustic.
CAUTERIZING AGENT
246
A postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition; a necropsy.
AUTOPSY
247
Preservation of the body’s surface (to dry and harden lesions), of excisions and cavities, or of areas that received inadequate arterial preservative Materials used in osmotic embalming include surface packs, embalming powders, and autopsy gels.
OSMOTIC EMBALMING aka SURFACE EMBALMING
248
Direct treatment other than vascular (arterial) embalming of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera; usually accomplished by aspiration and then injection of chemicals using a trocar.
CAVITY EMBALMING
249
Liquids or gels, usually available in spray or pack form, which are generally used in cases of skin slip, ulcerations and other surface involvements.
PACK APPLICATION/SURFACE APPLICATION
250
Assimilation of gas, vapor, or dissolved matter by the surface of a solid or liquid.
ADSORPTION
251
An amorphous, nonvolatile solid or soft side substance, a natural exudation from plants any of a class of solid or soft organic compounds of natural or synthetic origin.
RESINOUS SUBSTANCE
252
an antiseptic/disinfectant employed to dry moist tissues and to bleach See carbolic acid.
PHENOL
254
Vein or veins initially selected for use in the embalming procedure.
PRIMARY DRAINAGE SITE
255
That period of time between death and embalming. The sooner embalming takes place the better results.
POSTMORTEM INTERVAL
256
A vascular incision made on vessels by cutting in an oblique or slanting direction.
DIAGONAL INCISION
257
Colorless, strong-smelling gas that when used in solution is a powerful preservative and disinfectant; a potential occupational carcinogen.
FORMALDEHYDE aka HCHO or CH20
258
To lay at rest.
REPOSE
259
That pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body.
ACTUAL PRESSURE
260
a method of sewing an incision along the edges without entering the opening whereby the suture becomes invisible and the line of suture becomes depressed, which lends it ease of concealment by waxing.
WORM SUTURE INVERSION SUTUREDRAW SUTURE.
