chemsitry

Question 1

what does the functional group do in a compound

Answer 1

it is responsible for each compound individuality and the reactivity of the compound

Question 2

what is unsaturated or saturated molecules

Answer 2

the saturated molecules mean each bonds are attach a atom. however unsaturated mean some bonds are not attached to other atoms(alkenes).

Question 3

how do the molecules have a greater melting point/boiling point

Answer 3

as the carbon chain gets longer the intermolecular attractive force in between the molecules increase. this is why more heat is required and the melting and the boiling point increases.

Question 4

what is the polarity of the substance

Answer 4

the polarity is the mixability of two molecules/compounds.

Question 5

the trend of solubility with the length of the compound/ molecules

Answer 5

as the carbon chain lengthen/gets longer, the solubility usually decrease.

Question 6

addition reactions

Answer 6

an addition of atom into a compound(alkenes…)

Question 7

structural isomer

Answer 7

molecules with different arrangement of atom but have the same molecular formula.

Question 8

geometric isomer

Answer 8

have a double bond with same numbers of atom on the each side of the bond. there is no rotation in the bond therefore is a fixed position of the atom in the bond

Question 9

reagent required (alkene + hydrogen ->alkane)

Answer 9

the reagent in this reaction is catalyst (possible catalyst nickel platinum)

Question 10

reagent required for alkene + halogen —> haloalkane

Answer 10

no reagent

Question 11

reagent required for alkene + hydrogen halide —-> haloalkane + h20

Answer 11

there is no reagent

Question 12

reagent
alkene –> alcohol

Answer 12

the reagent is h20/H+ (or diluted acid,heat)

Question 13

substitution reaction

Answer 13

where the atom in the compound is substituted with another atom or group

Question 14

the reagent for
alkane —-> haloalkane

Answer 14

it requries halogen and some kind of heat (possibly UV light)

Question 15

the reagent for
haloalkane —> alcohol

Answer 15

needs KOH(aq) and heat

Question 16

the reagent for
alcohol —-> haloalkane

Answer 16

PCl5 PCL3 SOCL2

Question 17

the reagent for
haloalkane —-> amine

Answer 17

NH3(alc)

Question 18

elimination reaction

Answer 18

where a reaction removes a atom or a group to form an alkenes

Question 19

reagent for
haloalkane —> alkene

Answer 19

KOH(alc), heat

Question 20

reagent for
alcohol —-> alkene

Answer 20

H2SO4(conc), heat

Question 21

oxidation reaction

Answer 21

the removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen atom

Question 22

reagent for
alcohol —> -diol

Answer 22

MnO4- (aq)

Question 23

reagent for
alcohol—-> carboxllyic acid

Answer 23

H+/MnO4- (aq), heat,or H+/CrO7-

Question 24

markovnikov rule (rich gets richer)

Answer 24

condition it must be a asymmetrical isomer . the rule states that carbon rich in hydgron gains h and the other gains the halogen from hydrogen halide. this is the major product. the minor is the opposite

Question 25

polymerisation

Answer 25

involve alkene linking with other alkene

Question 26

monomer

Answer 26

is a simple molecule unit that link other molecules

Question 27

bromine test

Answer 27

this reaction is to test if the compound has a double bond. double bond compound will rapidly have an reaction compared a C-C bond (possible reagent Br2 and UV light)

Question 28

blue litmus paper

Answer 28

turn reds when solution is acidic stays blue when the solution is basic

Question 29

red litmus

Answer 29

stays reds when solution is acidic turns blue when the solution is basic

Question 30

why is carboxylic acid acidic?

Answer 30

1. ethanoic acid are polar therefore soluble with water. 2. water molecule oxygen atom is attracted to the acid h atom in the compound. 3. the water gains the H atom from the compound to be hydronium which is postive leaving the compound negative.

Question 31

when is the acid acidic

Answer 31

acid is a donor of protons

Question 32

when is base basic

Answer 32

base is the acceptor of protons

Question 33

carboxylic acid weak?

Answer 33

this is because only a few ethanoic acid molecules will dissociated into ch3coo- and H+

Question 34

carboxylic with carbonate

Answer 34

produces mineral acid, carbon dioxide and H20

Question 35

carboxylic acid with metal

Answer 35

metal salt + hydrogen gas

Question 36

alkene/monomer ----> unit for polymer

Answer 36

the reagents are heat and catalyst.

Question 37

symmertical isomer

Answer 37

have a bond in the centre of the compound and the same groups of atom on each side

Question 38

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