Chest And Lower Respi Tract Disorder

Question 0

Type of atelectasis that is not detected in chest xray

Answer 0

Macroatelectasis

Question 1

Reduced alveolar ventilation or type of blockage that impedes the passage of air to & from the alveoli
Prob: closure or collapse alveoli
Cause: trauma & pulmonary embolism

Answer 1

ATELECTASIS

Question 2

Type of atelectasis that is loss of segmental lobar or overall lung volume

Answer 2

Microatelectasis

Question 3

Most common type of atelectasis in post op & immobilize people

Answer 3

Acute atelectasis

Question 4

Rubbing of pleural & parietal space

Answer 4

Pleural pain

Question 5

Most common management for atelectasis

Answer 5

Oxygenation

Question 6

Using simple face mask & one way valve system that provides varying amount if expiratory resistance
-management for atelectasis

Answer 6

Positive Expiratory Pressure Therapy(PEP)

Question 7

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a microbial agent

Answer 7

Pneumonia

Question 8

One of the categories of pneumonia that occurs in community setting

Answer 8

COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA(CAP)

Question 9

3 most common causes of CAP

Answer 9

Streptococcal pneumonia-upper reapi tract
Mycoplasma pneumonia-children&young adults
Haemophilluz pneumonia-older people& co-morbid illness

Question 10

2nd category of pneumonia that occurs after 24-48 hours after confinement
-aka NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA

Answer 10

HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA(HAP)

Question 11

Type of HAP that is for debilitated patient(not moving)

Answer 11

Pseudomonal pneumonia

Question 12

Type of HAP for inhalation of organism

Answer 12

Staphylococcal pneumonia

Question 13

Type of HAP for the entry of substance in the lower airway

Answer 13

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 14

Substantial portion of one or both living(type of HAP)

Answer 14

Lobar pneumonia

Question 15

Distributed in patchy fashion originating in 1 or more localized areas w/in the bronchi extending to adjacent lung parenchyma
-most common type of HAP

Answer 15

Bronchopneumonia

Question 16

Blood stream invasion of microorganism

- diagnostic findings for pneumonia

Answer 16

Bacteremia(blood culture)

Question 17

5 medications for pneumonia

Answer 17

Antobiotics
Antipyretic
Antihistamines
Nasal decongestants
Antitussive

Question 18

3 complications of pneumonia

Answer 18

Shock & respi failure
Atelectasis & pleural effusion
Superinfection- administration of large doses of antibiotics

Question 19

Infectious disease that primarily affects the lung parenchyma
Through airborne transmission
From inhaling droplets

Answer 19

Pulmonary tuberculosis(PTb)

Question 20

Diagnostic findings for PTb that is used to determine if the patient is exposed to the bacillus standard procedure

Answer 20

Mantoux test

Question 21

Interpretation for 5mm wheel formed in duration of mantoux test if PPD( purified protein derivative) is given

Answer 21

• significant in HIV patients
• close contact w/ active case
• chest xray results consistent w/ Tb

Question 22

Class 0 for Tb

Answer 22

No exposure no infection

Question 23

Class 1

Answer 23

Expose no evidence of exposure

Question 24

Class 2

Answer 24

Latent infection no disease

Question 25

Class 3

Answer 25

Disease clinically active

Question 26

Class 4

Answer 26

Disease not clinically active

Question 27

Class 5

Answer 27

Suspected disease diagnosis pending

Question 28

Chemotherapeutic antiTb drugs

Answer 28

INH, RIF, pyrazinamide, ethambutol & streptomycino

Question 29

Potential complication of PTb

Answer 29

Malnutrition

Question 30

May discolor contact lenses & urine ( red orange color)

Answer 30

Rifampicin

Question 31

Disorder affecting the pleural space

Answer 31

Pleural conditions

Question 32

Inflammation of both layers of the pleura

Answer 32

Pleurisy(pleuritis)

Question 33

Severe sharp knifelike pain | Decrease as fluid develops

Answer 33

Pleuritic pain

Question 34

Diagnostic findings for pleurisy

Answer 34

``` Pleural friction pub- using a steth Chest xray Sputum exam Thoracentecis Pleural biopsy ```

Question 35

Nursing mgt. for pleurisy

Answer 35

Turn pt. frequently w/ the affected side to splint the chest wall Use hands to splint the rib cage while coughing

Question 36

Collection of fluid in the pleural space | Complication of heart failure, TB, pneumonia and pulmonary infections

Answer 36

Pleural effusion

Question 37

Effusion could be:

Answer 37

Clear Bloody Purulent

Question 38

Normal amt of fluid in the pleural space

Answer 38

5-15 ml

Question 39

Pleural membrane is not disease | -Filtrates of plasma that move Across intact capillary wall

Answer 39

Transudate

Question 40

Extravassation of fluid into tissue or cavity | - inflammation by bacterial products or tumors involving the pleural space

Answer 40

Exudate

Question 41

Confirms the presence of fluid in the pleural space

Answer 41

Thoracentesis

Question 42

2 medical mgt for pleural effusion

Answer 42

Thoracentesis | Pleurectomy

Question 43

Position of chest tube insertion

Answer 43

Sitting or lying down w/ the affected side elevated 2nd intercoastal space to remove air 8th or 9th intercoastal space to drain fluid & flood

Question 44

Abn accumulation of fluid in the lungs or alveolar space | - severe life threatening

Answer 44

Pulmonary edema

Question 45

Accumulation of thick purulent fluid in the pleural space often w/ fibrin development & walled off area where infection is located

Answer 45

Empyema

Question 46

Medical mgt for empyema if fluid is not too thick or purulent

Answer 46

Fluid drained

Question 47

For patient w/ complicated pleural effusion

Answer 47

Tube thoracostomy

Question 48

Opening of chest drainage to remove thickened pleura, pus & debris

Answer 48

Thoracotomy

Question 49

Postural drainage, percussion and vibration

Answer 49

Chest physiotherapy(CPT)

Question 50

Purpose is To remove air or fluid from pleural space | - to establish (-) pressure & reexpand the lungs

Answer 50

Closed chest drainage(thoracostomy tube)

Question 51

Bottle serves as drainage bottle & water seal bottle

Answer 51

One way bottle system

Question 52

Height of the bottle to allow drainage from the pleura by gravity

Answer 52

Atleast 2-3 ft below the level of the chest

Question 53

Never raise the bottle above the level of the chest to prevent

Answer 53

Reflux of fluid

Question 54

Assess for patency of the tube

Answer 54

Fluctuation of fluid along the tube | Intermittent bubbling of fluid

Question 55

In the absence of fluctuation

Answer 55

Obstruction of the device- check for kinks, milk tubing towards the bottle

Question 56

If no obstruction....

Answer 56

Consider lung reexpansion

Question 57

1st bottle- drainage 2nd bottle- water seal -observe for fluctuation of fluid along the tube & intermittent bubbling w/ each respiration

Answer 57

2 bottle system

Question 58

1st bottle- drainage 2nd bottle- water seal 3rd bottle- suction

Answer 58

Three bottle system

Question 59

Postion of removal of ctt

Answer 59

Semi fowler

Question 60

Complications of cct

Answer 60

Subcutaneous emphysema & respi disease

Question 61

Sudden & life threatening deterioration of the gas exchange functions of the lungs due to decrease respi drive, dysfunction of chest wall, dysfunction of lung parenchyma

Answer 61

Acute respiratory failure

Question 62

Medical mgt for acute respi failure

Answer 62

Intubation & oxygenation

Question 63

Due to sudden progressive edem, increasing bilateral infiltrates on chest xray & hypoxemia refractory to O2 supplementation & reduced lung compliance

Answer 63

Acute respiratory distresa syndrome | Aka 'ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME'

Question 64

Nutrition for ARDS

Answer 64

No oral intake- enteral feeding only!

Question 65

Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by a thrombus that originates somewhere in the venous system or in the right side of the heart

Answer 65

Pulmonary embolism

Question 66

Phaacologic therapy for pulmonary embolism

Answer 66

Anticoagulant | Thrombolytic therapy

Question 67

Surgical mgt for pulmonary embolism

Answer 67

Embolectomy

Question 68

Post op nursing care for pulmonary embolism

Answer 68

Hemorrhage