Chest and Lungs - Breath Sounds

Question 1

Discontinuous sounds from air
bubbling through moisture in the alveoli at the end of inspiration.

Answer 1

Crackles/Rales

Question 2

Where are crackles or rales most commonly heard?

Answer 2

In the bases of the lower lung lobes

Question 3

Discontinuous, high-pitched, crackling, and popping sounds similar to popping of bubble wrap.

Answer 3

Fine crackles

Question 4

Fine crackles may be associated with:

Answer 4

1. Atelectasis
2. Interstitial fibrosis
3. Early pulmonary edema
4. Pneumonia

Question 5

Discontinuous, low-pitched, bubbling sounds that start early during inspiration and extend into
exhalation.

Answer 5

Coarse crackles

Question 6

Coarse crackles may be associated with:

Answer 6

1. Severe COPD
2. Cystic fibrosis,
3. Bronchiectasis
4. CHF

Question 7

Continuous sounds from the narrowing of an airway by; high pitched (as in asthma).

Answer 7

Wheezes

Question 8

Low-pitched/gurgling that occurs when fluid partially blocks the large airways.

Answer 8

Rhonchi

Question 9

Continuous, high-pitched, musical whistles that are generally heard on expiration.

Answer 9

Wheezing

Question 10

It is one of the cardinal findings in asthma.

Answer 10

Wheezing

Question 11

Wheezing is found in all:

Answer 11

bronchospasm disorders

Question 12

Continuous, low pitched breathing sounds that resemble snoring or gurgling.

Answer 12

Rhonchi

Question 13

Continuous, low-pitched, coarse creaking or grating-type sound (creaking shoe).

Answer 13

Pleural friction rub

Question 14

Pleural friction rub is often heard in patients with:

Answer 14

pleurisy

Question 15

Harsh, high pitched, continuous honking sound resulting from an upper airway obstruction, a partial obstruction, or a spasm of the trachea or larynx.

Answer 15

Stridor

Question 16

Stridor can be heard even _______ using the stethoscope.

Answer 16

without

Question 17

Stridor requires immediate intervention due to:

Answer 17

acute respiratory distress

Question 18

Vocal sounds should be _______ and ________ through the stethoscope (vocal resonance).

Answer 18

muffled and distinct

Question 19

Vocal sounds are abnormally found in:

Answer 19

1. Consolidated lung
2. Pulmonary edema
3. Pulmonary hemorrhage

Question 20

Ask the patient to whisper a sequence of words such as “one-two-three,” and listen with a stethoscope.

Answer 20

Whispered pectoriloquy

Question 21

Whispered pectoriloquy normal result:

Answer 21

only faint sounds are heard

Question 22

Abnormal whispered pectoriloquy result:

Answer 22

Whispered sounds are clear and
distinct

Question 23

Ask the patient to say “99” in a normal voice. Listen to the chest with a stethoscope.

Answer 23

Bronchophony

Question 24

Bronchophony is present if:

Answer 24

sounds can be heard clearly

Question 25

While listening to the chest with a stethoscope, ask the patient to say the vowel “e”.

Answer 25

Egophony

Question 26

Vowel sound of normal lung tissues:

Answer 26

"e" as in "beet" can be heard

Question 27

Vowel sound if the lung is consolidated:

Answer 27

“e” sound changes to a nasal “a” ("say")

Question 28

Deformities of the chest:

Answer 28

1. Pigeon chest 2. Funnel chest 3. Barrel chest

Question 29

Permanent deformity caused by rickets (osteomalacia in adults).

Answer 29

Pigeon chest (pectus carinatum)

Question 30

Characteristics of pigeon chest:

Answer 30

1. Narrow transverse diameter 2. Increased anteroposterior diameter 3. Protruding sternum

Question 31

Congenital defect

Answer 31

Funnel chest (pectus excavatum)

Question 32

Funnel chest characteristics:

Answer 32

1. Sternum is depressed 2. Narrowed anteroposterior diameter

Question 33

Ratio of anteroposterior to transverse diameter is 1:1.

Answer 33

Barrel chest

Question 34

Barrel chest can be seen in clients with:

Answer 34

thoracic kyphosis and emphysema

Question 35

The collapse of a lung or part of a lung, also known as a lobe.

Answer 35

Atelectasis

Question 36

Lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid.

Answer 36

Pneumonia

Question 37

Pneumonia in both lungs

Answer 37

Double pneumonia

Question 38

Pneumonia in one lung

Answer 38

Single pneumonia

Question 39

Pneumonia in certain lobes

Answer 39

Lobar pneumonia

Question 40

Air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall and pushes on the outside of your lung and makes it collapse partially or totally.

Answer 40

Pneumothorax

Question 41

Characteristics of pneumothorax:

Answer 41

1. Decreased fremitus 2. Hyperresonance

Question 42

Progressive build-up of air within the pleural space, due to a lung laceration which allows air to escape into the pleural space but not to return.

Answer 42

Tension pneumothorax

Question 43

Characteristics of tension pneumothorax:

Answer 43

1. Severe respiratory distress 2. Tachycardia 3. Cyanosis 4. Tracheal shift away from affected lung

Question 44

Fluid in the pleural space; “water in the lungs”.

Answer 44

Pleural effusion

Question 45

Characteristics of pleural effusion:

Answer 45

1. Decreased excursion 2. Decreased tactile fremitus 3. Dyspnea 4. Dullness

Question 46

“Blue bloaters”; excessive mucus production with recurrent, persistent cough during 3 months of a year for 2 consecutive years; hypoxic.

Answer 46

Chronic bronchitis

Question 47

“Pink puffers”; permanent enlargement of the alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles with destruction of alveolar wall.

Answer 47

Emphysema