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Anatomy > Chest Cavity > Flashcards

Chest Cavity Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What on the ribs allows for better movement?

A

Costal cartilage increases the elasticity of the structure

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2
Q

What are “true ribs” and why are they called that?

A

Ribs 1- 7

Costal cartilage articulates with sternum directly

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3
Q

What are “false ribs” and why are they called that?

A

Ribs 8, 9, 10

Costal cartilage attaches to the next superior costal cartilage

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4
Q

Where do the true ribs connect?

A

directly to sternum

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5
Q

Where do the true ribs connect?

A

directly to sternum

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6
Q

Where do the false ribs attach?

A

superior costal cartilage

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7
Q

Where do the ribs article with the vertebrae?

A

Posteriorly

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8
Q

What are costovertebral joints?

A

Head of each rib articulates with costal facets on vertebral body of the thoracic vertebrae

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9
Q

What are costotransverse joints?

A

Tubercle of each rib articulate with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae

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10
Q

What is the location of the intercostal neuromuscular bundle?

A

The costal groove on the inferior border of the rib

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11
Q

What is the weakest point of the ribs?

A

Anteriorly to the angle where most trauma related fractures occcur

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12
Q

Why are rib fractures painful?

A

Rib fractures are painful due to the location of nerves within their costal groove

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13
Q 
What structure articulates with both the sternum and the ribs anteriorly?
A) Costal cartilage
B) Costal facet
C) Costal groove
D) Costal margin
A

A

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14
Q

What plane of movement do the ribs move in the “bucket handle” motion?

A

Coronal

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15
Q

What plane of motion does the ribs move in the “water pump” motion?

A

Sagittal

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16
Q

What happens when breathing in?

A

Increased Volume = lower pressure

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17
Q

What happens when breathing out?

A

Decreased volume = higher pressure in lungs

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18
Q

What nerve and roots innervate the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic Nerve C3, 4, 5

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19
Q

What is under the right dome?

A

Liver inferior

Level of the 5th rib at rest

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20
Q

What is under the left dome?

A

Stomach and spleen inferior

Level of the 5th intercostal space at rest

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21
Q

What is the central tendon?

A

The fibrous pericardium of the heart where is tethered inferiorly

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22
Q

Inferior Thoracic apeture attachments

A 
Xiphoid process of sternum
Costal margin
Ends of ribs 11 and 12
Arcuate ligaments across posterior wall
Lumbar vertebrae
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23
Q

What is in the caval opening and where is it located?

A

Inferior vena cava
R phrenic nerve
T8

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24
Q

What is in the Esophageal hiatus and where is it located?

A

esophagus
Vagal trunks
T10

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25
What is in the Aortic hiatus and where is it located?
``` Thoracic aorta Azygos vein Thoracic duct Sympathetic trunks T12 ```
26
What happens when the diaphragm contracts?
Action: Right and left domes descend inferiorly Result: Increase thoracic diameter and volume within the thorax Decrease intrathoracic pressure Inspiration
27
What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?
Action: Right and left domes ascend to resting position Result: Decrease thoracic diameter and volume within the thorax Increase intrathoracic pressure Expiration
28
What are the accessory muscles of ventilation and their roots?
Help further increase volume for deep inspiration Recruited when forceful respiration is needed Intercostal Nerves (T2-T11)
29
What muscles attach to the thoracic wall?
Pectoralis major and minor Serratus anterior Sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscle group External oblique and rectus abdominus
30
What muscles act on the ribs?
Transversus thoracis, subcostal, levatores costarum | External, internal, innermost oblique
31
Pectoralis Major
Attaches to sternum and clavicle medially and the intertubercular groove of the humerus Primary action is on the upper limb
32
Pectoralis minor:
Attaches to coracoid process of scapula and ribs 3-5
33
Serratus anterior:
Attaches to the medial margin of scapula and ribs 1-8
34
Sternocleidomastoid:
Attaches to the clavicle and sternum
35
Anterior, middle, posterior scalene:
attachments to the 1st and 2nd ribs
36
Which muscles depress the ribs?
Internal intercostal muscles "oh my"
37
What muscles elevate the ribs?
External intercostals "hands in pocket"
38
Where does the posterior intercostal veins drain?
Azygos system
39
Where does the azygos vein drain into?
Superior Vena Cava
40
At superior levels, what may happen to intercostal veins?
At superior levels, posterior intercostal veins may drain directly into brachiocephalic veins due to proximity especially on the left side
41
What is the order of the intercostal veins?
Anterior intercostal veins into Internal thoracic veins into Brachiocephalic veins
42
Subclavian Artery
``` Internal thoracic (anterior intercostal) Costocervical trunk (1st & 2nd posterior intercostal ```
43
Thoracic aorta
3rd- 11th Posterior intercostal | Subcostal (12th posterior intercostal)
44
What is the order of the intercostal arterial supply
``` Subclavian Artery to Internal Thoracic Artery Travels on the deep surface of the anterior thoracic wall lateral to sternum to Anterior Intercostal Arteries ```
45
What is the order of the intercostal arterial supply
``` Subclavian Artery to Internal Thoracic Artery Travels on the deep surface of the anterior thoracic wall lateral to sternum to Anterior Intercostal Arteries ```
46
Where does blood travel through at the neck region?
Subclavian Artery Costocervical Trunk 1st & 2nd Posterior Intercostal Arteries
47
What are the somatic nerves of the thoracic wall?
Intercostal T1- T11 | Subcostal T12
48
What os Where do the nerves for the thoracic wall come from?
Anterior/ventral rami @ the thoracic levels continue as the intercostal nerves and follow the framework of the thoracic skeleton
49
What is a parietal pleura?
It covers the inner walls of the thoracic cavity
50
What is a visceral pleura?
Covers the surface of the lung
51
Do lung fully fill the pleural cavity?
No, the space is called recess
52
What is a pleural effusion?
Fluid in the pleural recess prevents the lung from expanding normally
53
Which lung has more lobes?
Right, it has 3 while left has 2
54
What is the top of the lung called?
Apex
55
What is the bottom of the lung called?
Base
56
What are the three lobes of the right lung called and their fissures?
RUL-Upper/Superior RML-Middle RLL-Lower/Inferior Oblique and horizontal fissures
56
What are the lobes and fissure of the left lobe called?
LUL - Upper/Superior LLL- Lower/Inferior Oblique Fissure
57
Which lung accommodates the position of the heart?
Left
58
Which lung accommodates the position of the heart?
Left
59
What is the pulmonary artery positions in relation to the bronchus entering the lung?
Right Anterior Left Superior | RALS
60
Tracheobronchial Tree in Order
Trachea Main bronchus Lobar bronchus Segmental bronchus
61
Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
The alveoli
62
How does oxygenated blood go back to the heart?
Through pulmonary veins
63
How does deoxygenated blood come from the heart?
From the pumonary arteries
64
Trachea
Held open by cartilage rings Lined with mucosa Posterior muscular wall Bifurcates @ T4/T5 level

Anatomy (6 decks)

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