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Flashcards in Chest Imaging Deck (18)
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1
Q

How do the following structures appear on CXR in terms of density?
Air, fat, soft tissue/muscle, bone, metal

A
air - black
fat - grey 
soft tissue/muscle - grey/white 
bone - white
metal - bright white
2
Q

What is the approach when assessing a CXR?

A

Name and CHI
CXR from correct date & time
Side marker - AP/PA
Technically adequate? (4 ections) Projection, inspiration, rotation and penetration

3
Q

What is the ideal CXR projection?

A

PA

4
Q

What should a normal Cardiothoracic ratio be in CXR?

A

At or less than 0.5

5
Q

Why does the heart appear enlarged in an AP projection?

A

Beam can diverge until it hits detector behind patient so is magnified

6
Q

For a CXR to be adequately inspired, the patient must take a big breath in and hold it. If this is done correctly the anterior ends of at least how many ribs should be visible?

A

6 ribs

7
Q

If a CXR is correctly centred, what should be equidistant from each other?

A

medial ends of the clavicles should be equidistant from the spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae

8
Q

What should we be able to see through the heart if there is adequate penetration?

A

Intervertebral disc spaces

9
Q

What cardiomediastinal borders should we be able to see?

A

left & right heart border and border of arch of aorta

10
Q

In addition to the cardiomediastinal borders, what should we be able to see on CXR?

A

Diaphragm border and costophrenic angles

Bilateral hilars

11
Q

What makes up the right heart border?

A

Right atrium

12
Q

What makes up the rounded border of the heart superiorly?

A

Aorta

13
Q

What makes up the left heart border from superior to inferior?

A

Pulmonary artery
Left auricle
left ventricle

14
Q

What makes up the border of the area above the right heart border (opposite to arch border)?

A

Trachea

15
Q

What are the pulmonary hila that are visible on CXR made up of?

A

the pulmonary arterial tree - its the junction between the heart and lungs where the pulmonary arteries and bronchi enter and the pulmonary veins exit the lungs

16
Q

Pulmonary veins, especially the upper lobe ones, should not be very visible on CXR, only as a fine line- if they are that means they are very distended. True/false?

A

True

17
Q

Why does the left hilum normally lie higher than the right?

A

Pulmonary artery comes out on top of left bronchus whereas on right it comes out underneath right bronchus

18
Q

The left diaphragm normally lies about 1.5cm above the right diaphragm. True/false?

A

False - the right diaphragm normally is 1.5cm above the left because of the liver