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Chest pathology Flashcards

alveolar, interstitial and pneumonia (64 cards)

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1
Q

Define alveolar disease 2

A

filling alveolar spaces with abonormal material; blood , pus, water, protein, cell debris or combination.

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2
Q

Define interstitial disease 2m

A

effects supporting tissue of lung parenchyma, interstitium. . including the alveolar walls

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3
Q

State 5 visible features of alveolar disease 5m

A
  1. fluffly/blobby
  2. ill defined margins
  3. Coalescing/ merging
  4. segmental/ lobar
  5. sometimes - air bronchogram
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4
Q

state 6 visible appearences of interstitial disease 6

A
  1. Small Nodules
  2. linear/reticular
  3. linear/reticular with septal lines
  4. reticular nodular
  5. sometimes - reduced lung volume (extensive disease)
  6. Honeycomb pattern (End stage disease)
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5
Q

State 10 differential diagnosis for alveolar airspace patterns 7

A
  1. Pulmonary oedema - cardiac or non cardiac
  2. Lobar pneumonia
  3. Haemorrhage
  4. lymphoma
  5. Bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma
  6. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (early)
  7. Aspiration pneumonia
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6
Q

State 9 differental diagnosis for interstitial patterns

A
  1. Pulmonary oedema
  2. pneumonia - viral or pneumocytis carinii
  3. TB
  4. Sarcoid
  5. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  6. Rheumatoid lung
  7. sclerodema
  8. lymphangitis carcinomatosa
  9. crack smoking
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7
Q

Sate how lobar pneumonia would illuatrate as chest shadows and the organism 6

A
  1. homogeneous throughout/ most of the lobe and may show air bronchogram or pleural effusion- streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)
  2. non segmental patchy but confined to one lobe- may swell or expand the effected lobe/ may cavitate - klebsiella pneumoniae
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8
Q

State the chest shadowing difference with bronchopneumonia

A

mild peribronchial thickening - ill-defined nodules but generall scattered and diffused.

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9
Q

how many segments of the rt and left lung? 1

A

rt 10

lt 9

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10
Q

State the complications associated with CVC misplacement?

A
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11
Q

State the age range responsible for 80% of sarcoidosis diagnosis? 1m

A

20-50

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12
Q

What radiographic appearences are there associated to coccidioidomycosis? + clinical symtoms 5m

inc time to develope

A
  1. Acute mild symtoms 1 -4 weeks after exposure
  2. Radiographically similar to Histoplasmosis
  3. single or multiple foci nodules
  4. or consolidation
  5. Hilar/ lymphone node involvement
  6. Pleural eff 20% of the time
  7. In chronic
  8. 5% cavitation
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13
Q

State acute clinical and radiographic appearences linked with acute histoplasmosis? 4m

A
  1. Asymtomatic or flu like symtoms
  2. Solitary/ multiple nodules + lymphadenopathjy in symtomatic
  3. Bilateral consolidation in symtomatic
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14
Q

State chronic clinical symtoms and radiographic appearences associated to histoplasmosis 3m (rare)

A
  1. Usually in emphysema patients
  2. Bilateral opper lobe opacities that extend into the plaura
  3. cavitation can develope
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15
Q

What is the differential diasnosis to histoplasmosis fungal infection? 1m

A

Coccidioidomyosis

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16
Q

Likely timeframe from exposure to symtoms for coccidioidomyosis? 1

A

1-4 weeks

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17
Q

Radiographic appearences for coccidiodomyosis? 4

A
  1. Single or multiple foci nodules
  2. consolidation
  3. Hilar / lymphadenopathy
  4. 20% pleural eff
  5. In chronic possible cavitation
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18
Q

List two of the five organisms that can cause aspergilliosis in humans? 2 m

A
  1. Saprophysic aspergilliosis
  2. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergilliosis
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19
Q

Exposure to what things can cause aspergilliosis - not the organisms! 2m

A

Sand or decaying matter

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20
Q

List the constituents of fungus ball? 5m

A

fungal cells

fibrin

tissue debris

inflamatory cells

mucus

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21
Q

What is also known as a fungus ball? 1

A

Saprophytic aspergilliosis

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22
Q

What radiographic sign best hallmarks a saprophytic fungall ball? 1m

A

Air cresent sign around the fungal oval mass

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23
Q

Where does a fungal ball usually develope? 1m

A

Inside another cavity

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24
Q

Name the likely reaction to fungal antigen in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis? 1m

A

Allergic bronchipulmonary aspergilliosis

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25
List the likely radiographic appearence of those suffering from allergic **bronchopulmonary aspergilliosis**? 4m
1. **Inflamation and fibrosis** 2. **central Bronchiectasis** 3. **tubular soft densities in the upper lobe from mucus impaction (finger in glove sign)** 4. **paranchymal scarring**
26
State the incubation period for influenza? 1m
24-48 hours
27
state the percentage likelihood of adults being symtomatic from influenza?
5% contagious and spreads rapidly
28
state radiographic appearences from influenza?
Bilateral reticularnodular opacification superimposed consolidation
29
What are the typical symtoms of influenza? 3m
1. **cough** 2. **chills** 3. **fever +38 oc**
30
State the two forms of varicella? 2m
Chicken pox and shingles
31
Radiograohic findings for varicella?
Multiple 5-10 mm nudules which later calcify extensive consolidation in its developed form. adults can get pneumonia from vericella
32
Clinical presentation of varicella patients? 2
**Fever and rash 2-3 days late**r
33
What clinical correlation defines the diagnosis for varicella?
Skin rashes - otherwise apprearences are similar to that of milliary TB or histoplasmosis
34
State the clinical indications for SARS? 3
1. **Dry cough** 2. **headache** 3. **fever**
35
State incubation period for SARS? 1M
6 DAYS
36
Radiographic appearences of **SARS**?
1. **20-40% Normal chest film** 2. **Multifocal bilater or unilateral consolidation - mainly bilateral** 3. **peripheral consolidation**
37
COVID 19 SARS 2 symtoms? 5m
1. **cough** 2. **pyrexia** 3. **loss of taste/ smell** 4. **LRTI** 5. **Some dhiarrea**
38
**COVID 19** radiographic findings? 4m
1. **Lower lobe** 2. **peripherally distributed multiple focal consolidation** 3. **bilateral and unilateral** 4. **Need to quantify as mild moderate or several** 5. **rarely pleural eff/ pulmonary oedem**a
39
Human immunodeficiency Virus/aids state the most likely respiratory infection? 1m
PCP pneumocystis pn
40
State the radiographic appearences for **HIV/AIDS** with pneumocystis? 3m
1. **Uniform bilateral reticular consolidation** 2. **Confluent opacities** 3. **Non cardiogenic pulmonary oedema**
41
COVID 19 followup imaging after how long?
**12 weeks**
42
State clinical presentation of individuals with paracitic infections? 3
1. **Recent travel** 2. **Cyst rupture causes: cought and pyrexia** 3. **mostly asymtomatic**
43
State the two forms of **Hydatid disease**? 2m
pastoral and sylvatic
44
State the process in which Hydatic disease can develope 4
**Consumption of contaminated water or food from animals like sheeps, pigs dogs** **Eggs hatch in duodenum and travel via portal system to liver (Most stop at the liver)** **travel to alveolar capillaries** **Developement of pulmonary cysts 1-20cm diameter**
45
report
hyadatid disease cyst within a cyst
46
State the radiographic appearences of **Amebiasis** 4m
1. **Elevated hemidiaphragm** 2. **Moderate pleural effusion** 3. **Subphrenic cycst** 4. **sometimes : atelectasis and consolidation**
47
Which disease is caused by entamoeba histolytics 1m
**Amebiasis**
48
which disease is caused by this microscopic worm : strongyloids stercoralis 1m
Strongyloidiasis
49
What are the symtoms for strongyloidiasis? 3m
1. **Cought** 2. **SOB** 3. **bronchospasm**
50
Radiographic appearences for **strongyloidiasis**? Migrates via soil - walking barefoot - tropical destinations 3
1. **Ill-defined patchy consolidation - haemorrhage** 2. **pleural effusion** 3. **cavitation**
51
# Define ACD and associated disease? 1m List radiographic appearences? 3m
Acute chest syndrome - sickle cell disease Segmental/ subsegmental atelectasis 1. **Consolidation - preference lower zones** 2. **rib sclerosis tic/enlargement** 3. **cardiomegaly - anaemia** 4. **Vertebral plate depression H-shaped vertebrae, also known as Lincoln log vertebrae, are a characteristic finding of sharply delimited central endplate depression, classically seen in approximately 10% of patients with sickle-cell anaemia** *_Radiopedia_* pneumonia pulmonary infarction fat embolism rib or sternal infarct causing atelectasis (from splinting)
52
report 2
Carcinoma causing RUL collapse Right hilar pulled up and deviation of the trachea
53
report 2
Golden s sign again right hillar displaced superiorly
54
report 3
RLL collapse Small hilum sign left middle rib fracture
55
Report
RLL Collapse
56
Top 5 Diagnoses: Hyperlucent Thorax
1. Pneumothorax 2. Subcutaneous emphysema 3. Emphysema 4. Asthma 5. Mastectomy
57
Clinical presentation Emphysema? 5m
1. tachypnoea 2. absence of cyanosis 3. pursed-lip breathing, tripod position 4. chest hyperinflation "barrel chest" 5. reduced breath sounds
58
state the radiographic appearences of **mesothelioma**? 5m
1. **rounded opacity at coming from the pleura** 2. **mediastinal shift** 3. **lymphadenopathy** 4. **rib destruction** 5. **pleural effusion - unilateral**
59
clinical presentation of **sarcoidosis** 4
**20-40 yrs old** **female black** **dry cought and SOB** **nodules on shin -erythema**
60
what percentage of sarcoidosis affects the respiratory system? 1m
90%
61
state the typical clinical appearences of Lofgran's syndrom and which main disease it belongs to? 3
1. **bilateral hilar lyphadenopathy** 2. **erythema nodosum - shin** 3. **polyarthralgia - ,multiple joint pain** **Sarcoid**
62
List three likely abnormalities of the raider triangle. 3m
1. aortic congenital abnormality 2. Oesophageal mass/ cyst symtomatic 3. Intrathoracic goitre
63
List likely pathologies of the retrocardiac space 2m
Hiatus hernia pneumonia
64

Respiratory Infection (4 decks)

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