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Flashcards in Chest trauma Deck (22)
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1
Q

What are the causes for an open or closed chest injury?

A
  1. Open: caused by penetrating trauma
  2. Closed: caused by blunt trauma
2
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of chest injuries?

A
  • Pain at the site of injury
  • Pain aggravated by increased breathing
  • Dyspnea
  • Hemoptysis
  • Failure of the chest to expand normally
  • Rapid, weak pulse and low blood pressure
3
Q

How do you assess chest injuries?

A
  1. DCAP -BTLS
    * *Deformities Contustions Abrasions Punctures/Penetrations
    * *B
    urns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling
  2. Chest wall movement
  3. Paradoxical movement
  4. Hemoptysis
  5. Shock
  6. Cyanosis
4
Q

WHat are the signs and symptoms of rib fracture?

A
  • Pleuritic chest pain
  • A fractured rib may lacerate the surface of the lung
  • Patients will avoid taking deep breaths and breathing will be rapid and shallow
  • May have contusion
  • Often self splinted
5
Q

What is the treatment for a rib fracture?

A
  • High flow O2
  • Position of comfort
6
Q

What are the possible signs and symptoms of chest flail?

A
  • 3 or more ribs broken in 2 or more places
  • Or when the sturnum is fractured along with several ribs
  • Free floating chest wall segment
  • Paradoxical chest movememnt
  • Dyspnea- poor tidal volume
7
Q

What is the treatment for chest flail?

A
  • High flow O2
  • Immobilize flail segment
  • Supine
  • Rapid support
  • Maintain the airway
  • Provide respiratory support
8
Q

What is pneumothorax? What happens during pneumothorax? What is an open or penetrating wound to the chest called?

A
  1. Air accumulates in the pleural space
  2. Air enters through a hole in the chest wall. The lung will collapse which may take a few minutes or hours
  3. Sucking chest wound
9
Q

What are the signs and sympotms of pneumothorax?

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Sharp chest pain
  • Unequal breath sounds
10
Q

How do you care for an open pneumothorax?

A
  • Clear and manage the airway
  • Provide oxygen
  • Seal and open wound with an occlusive dressing
  • Tape down all four sides or create a flutter valve
  • Watch for tension pneumothorax
    *
11
Q

What is spontaneous pneumothorax? When should it be suspected?

A
  • Some people are born with or develop weak areas on the surface of the lungs. These areas can rupture spontaneously
  • Suspect in cases of sudden chest pain with no cause
12
Q

What are the causes of tension pneomothorax?

A
  • Sealing all four sides of the dressing on a sucking chest patient
  • Pressure builds up as entering air is trapped.
  • Fractured rib puncturing the lung or bronchus
  • Spontaneous pneumothorax
  • any condition that leads to pneumothorax can cause a tension pneumothorax
13
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax?

A
  • Progressive dyspnea
  • Absent/decreased lung sounds
  • Jcugular venous distention (JVD)
  • Traacheal shift
  • Hypotension
  • Tachycardia
14
Q

What is the treatment for Tension pneomothorax?

A
  • High flow O2
  • Rapid transport
  • Unseal one side of occlusion dressing
15
Q

What is Hemothorax? What is it s sign of?

A
  1. Collection of blood in the pleural space. There will be decreased breath sounds on affected side
  2. Sign of shock

*hemopneumothorax,the combination of two conditions:pneumothorax, or air in the chest cavity, and hemothorax, or blood in the chest cavity*

16
Q

What is Cardiac tamponade also known as? WHat is it? What are some indicators? WHat is the treatment?

A
  1. Pericardial tamponade
  2. Blood in the pericardium
  3. a. weak pulse
    b. hypotension
    c. **narrow pulse pressure. **
    d. jugular vein distension JVD
    e. dyspnea with equal breath sounds
  4. a. High flow O2
    b. rapid transport
17
Q

What is a myocardial contusion? WHat are the S/S? And treatment?

A
  1. Blunt myocardial injury
  2. a. chest pain
    b. may have contusion over sternum
    c. irregular pulse
  3. a. High flow O2
    b. rapid transport
18
Q

What is a pulmonary contusion? WHat happens during a pulmonary contusion? What is the treatment?

A
  1. Bruising of the lung that may develop over hours
  2. Alveoli fill with blood
  3. Provide oxygen and ventillatory support
19
Q

What is traumatic asphyxia? What does it result in? What is the treatment?

A
  1. Sudden, severe compression of chest
  2. Results in: a. JVD
    b. cyanosis
    c. bleeding in the eyes
  3. a. Provide supplemental oxygen
    b. monitor vital signs
    c. transport immediately
20
Q

How do you treat an impaled object? Can it be removed?

A
  1. Stabalize with bulky dressings
    * *Use manual stabalizing PRN** (when needed)
  2. Only if it interferes with CPR
21
Q

Which vessles are the great vessels? WHat happens when they are lacerated? WHat is the treatment?

A
  1. a. Superior/inferior vena cava
    b. pulmonary arteries and veins
    c. aorta
  2. Cause fatal hemorrhaging
  3. a. CPR with BVM (bag valve mask
    b. transport immdeiately
22
Q
A