Chest Xray Findings

Question 1

COPD

Answer 1

1. Increased bronchovascular markings
2. Cardiomegaly
3. Hyperinflated lungs + flattened diaphragm +/- small heart +/- bullous formation
4. Saber-sheath trachea (narrowing of carina in frontal view, but widening in lateral view)

Question 2

APO

Answer 2

1. Alveolar oedema (bat-wing distribution with air bronchograms)
2. Kerley B lines
3. Cardiomegaly
4. Upper airway diversion (stag antlers sign)
5. Effusions

Question 3

Atelectasis

Answer 3

Loss of lung markings & opacification of affected area

Question 4

Pneumonia

Answer 4

Opacification with air bronchograms

Question 5

Pneumothorax

Answer 5

Area of lucency, no lung markings, lung border

Question 6

Tension pneumothorax

Answer 6

As pneumothorax + mediastinal and tracheal shift away from pneumothorax

Question 7

Pleural effusion

Answer 7

1. Blunting of costophrenic angles

2. Meniscus sign

Question 8

Surgical emphysema

Answer 8

Gas within subcutaneous tissues (esp neck & upper chest)

Question 9

Bronchiectasis

Answer 9

Tram-tracking (thickened parallel walls)

Question 10

Primary TB

Answer 10

1. Dense parenchymal consolidation (esp lower / middle zones in adults)
2. Lymphadenopathy
   +/- pleural effusions +/- galaxy sign

Question 11

Secondary TB

Answer 11

1. Upper lobe predominance (patchy consolidation)

2. Cavitating lesions

Question 12

Miliary TB

Answer 12

“Rice grain” “snow-storm” appearance

Question 13

Sarcoidosis

Answer 13

1. Reticulonodular opacities
2. Lymphadenopathy
3. Galaxy sign