Chi Uno Theta Flashcards by Jella Millado

provides polychromatic light

light source

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minimizes stray light

entrance slit

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isolates specific wavelength

monochromator

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controls band pass (width of light beam)

exit slit

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contains solution to be measured

cuvet

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converts light into electric energy

photodetector

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output display

read out device

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visible light spectrum

400-700 nm

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UV region

<400

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infrared region

> 700

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exciter lamp UV

mercury, deuterium lamp, xenon

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exciter lamp: visible and infrared

tungsten

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measure amount of light scattered

nephelometry

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measure amount of light blocked

turbidimetry

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with 2 monochromators postioned at 90 degrees

QUENCHING: fluorescence of an analyte is reduced due to the excited molecule losing some of its energy by interacting with other substances in the solution

fluorometry

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measures light emitted by the analyte after being excited by the flame

FEP

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reference method for calcium and magnesium

AAS

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disinfection of centrifuge

weekly

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calibration of centrifuge

quarterly

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swinging bucket type

horizontal centrifuge

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fixed angle type

angle-head centrifuge

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morning/diurnal analytes

CAPAI
cortisol
ACTH
plasma renin
aldosterone
insulin

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afternoon analytes

PTAG
PTH
TSH
ACP
GH

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photosensitive analytes

bilirubin
vitamin A
CK

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specimen for electrolyte analysis

heparinized plasma

specimen for HbA1c

EDTA

AC of choice for lipoproteins

EDTA

AC of choice for blood gas studies

Lithium heparin

rate of glycolysis at room temp

7 mg/dl/hr

rate of glycolysis at 4C

2 mg/dl.hr

whole blood glucose is _______ than serum glucose

10-15%

10% contamination with glucose with 5% dextrose

increase glucose by 500 mg/dl

reference method of LP

ultracentrifugation

reference method of cholesterol

Abell-Kendall

reference method of triglycerides

modified Van Handel

reference method of glucose

hexokinase

reference method of GFR

inulin clearance

reference method of BUN, Crea, UA

isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS)

cut off points for serum cholesterol

2-19 y/o: moderate risk: >170 high risk: >185 20-29 y/o: moderate risk: >200 high risk: >220 30-30y/o: moderate risk: >220 high risk: >240 >40 y/o: moderate risk: >240 high risk: >260

acceptable CV

cholesterol: 3% triglycerides:5% HDL: 4% LDL: 4%

good cholesterol

HDL

reverse cholesterol transport

HDL

highest protein content

HDL

Endogenous TAG

VLDL

bad cholesterol

LDL

minor LPP

IDL, Lp(a)

sinking pre-beta LPP

Lp(a)

floating beta LPP

B-VLDL

LPP in obstructive jaundice

Lp X

indicator of malnutrition

prealbumin

carrier of copper

ceruloplasmin

carrier of hemoglobin

haptoglobin

carrier of heme

hemopexin

carrier of iron

transferrin

protein found between beta and gamma

fibrinogen

beta-gamma bridging, increased IgA

liver cirrhosis

monoclonal gammopathy

multiple sclerosis

polyclonal gammopathy

chronic inflammation

increased alpha 1 and alpha 2

acute inflammation

alpha 2 globulin spike; increased macroglobulin

nephrotic syndrome

decreased alpha 1

emphysemma

measures nitrogen content of protein

Kjeidahl (also, refenrence method for protein)

measures amount of peptide bonds

Biuret

interferring substances n Biuret

false increase: bilirubin, Hb, lipids | false decrease: ammonia

reagent on Biuret methd

``` RANK Rochelle salt Alkaline: copper sulfate NaOH Kpotassium iodide ```

reagent in Lowry method

phosphotungstomolybdic acid

most specific and sensitive dye binding method

BCP

protein dyes for electrophoresis

CBB, amido black, ponceau S

dye used for fluids with lower protein content

pyrogallol red

effect of cigarette smoking on ammonia

increase

bilirubin covalently bound to albumin

delta bili

danger of kernicterus at bilirubin levels

>20 mg/dl

acceleratior in Jendrassik Groff

sodium caffeine benzoate

deficiency of UDPGT

Criggler-Najjar

defectove uptake of bilirubin

Gilbert

defective excretion of bilirubin

``` Rotor Dubin Johnson (mas priority si DJ) ```

earliest pancreatic marker

amylase

most specific pancreatic marker

lipase

most heat stable ALP

placenta

most labile ALP

bone

order of ALP isoenzyme migration

``` LBPIR liver bone placenta intestine renal ```

least tissue secificity

LDH

forward reaction for LDH

wacker

reverse reaction for LD

wrobleuski la due

substrate for Bowers McComb

p-nitrophenylphosphate

substrate for Cherry-Crandall method for lipase

olive oil | triolein

flipped LD pattern

LD1>LD2 indicative of AMI

most sensitive marker for alcoholic liver disease

GGT

major extracellular cation

sodium

major intracellular cation

potassium

primary contributor to osmolarity

sodium

inversely related with calcium

phosporus/phosphate

color emitted in FEP

sodium: yellow potassium: violet lithium: red

effect of every 1C increase in fever

pCO2: 3% decrease pO2: 7% increase

changes in results of a blood gas specimen is exposed to air

high pO2 and pH | low pCO2

principle used to measure pCO2 and pH

potentiometry

driving force of bicarbonate buffer system

carbon dioxide

primary compensation for metabolic alkalosis

hyperventilation

primary compensation for metabolic acidosis

hypoventilation

AC of choice for blood gas analysis

lithium heparin

AKA congenital HYPOthryroidism

cretinism

transports majority of thyroid hormones

TB Globulin

transports T4 only

TB Pre-Albumin

transports 15-20% of T3 and T4

TB Albumin

amino acid precursor of thyroid hormones

tyrosine

electrolyte imbalance in Addison's disease/hypercortisolism

hyponatremia | hyperkalemia

electrolyte imbalance in Conn's disease/hyperaldosteronism

hypernatremia | hypokalemia

part of glucose tolerance factor

chromium

helps regulate cholesterol synthesis

manganese

involved in xanthine and hypoxanthine synthesis

molybdenum

associated with Alzheimer's disease

apo E, aluminum

metabolite of norepi and epi

VMA

metabolite of dopamine

HVA

metabolite of serotonin

5-HIAA

matebolite of heroine

morphine

netabolite of cocaine

benzolecgonine

metabolite of marijuana

tetra-hydroxycannabinol

metabolite of procainamide

NAPA

metabolite of amitriptyline

nortryptyline

metabolite of primidone

phenobarbital

Chi Uno Theta Flashcards

(120 cards)