Chief Joseph - surrender speech (S)

Question 1

Context

Answer 1

he was a leader of the Wallowa band of the Nez Perce tribe (was fighting against imperialism)

Question 2

Typical style of a surrender speech

Answer 2

more emotive than most, the plea to the gov verges on criticism/condemnation

Question 3

Imperative verb

Answer 3

‘Tell’ begins with this to emphasise the desperation

Question 4

Repetition of ‘dead’

Answer 4

emphasises the number of people that have died

Question 5

Short sentences

Answer 5

mirrors how tired he is and his loss of patience

Question 6

‘My chiefs’

Answer 6

shows surrender and respect

Question 7

‘my heart is sick and sad’

Answer 7

personification and sibilance
repetition of ‘my heart’

Question 8

‘The sun’

Answer 8

symbol of hope

Question 9

Change of audience and purpose between 1st and 2nd speech

Answer 9

Audience in first speech - American Army Officers (General Miles and General Howard) -> this may be more spontaneous
Audience in second speech - American Gov (President Rutherford B Hayes)

Question 10

Phonology

Answer 10

native names are different to white settlers western names, the effect of including them in speech makes it more personal and emotive

Question 11

Reference to the President - ‘Great Father Chief’

Answer 11

he is trying to show how they are alike and that they deserve equality

Question 12

Use of the word ‘friend’

Answer 12

this suggests that they are equals - it is possible that it is trying to remind listeners that they could have worked together if they had been treated properly and fairly

Question 13

Grammar - The closing statement

Answer 13

as it is a simple sentence it puts emphasis on Chief Joseph’s points, it is also finalises his emotions as if he’s offering a last chance or expressing disappointment
it could also show by using a simple sentence that it was all so simple and did not have to have such an outcome.

Question 14

Discourse - the word ‘Indian’ to describe NA

Answer 14

this shows that it was part of a political discourse controlled by white settlers because Chief Jospeh had to appeal to the white settlers, regardless of whether it was disrespectful, as they had more power/control in the situation. Shows inequality and the unfair political power of the white man

Question 15

Effect of ‘little children’

Answer 15

Pre-modifying adjective to make them sound more vulnerable

Question 16

Effect of ‘freezing to death’

Answer 16

Antistrophe - repetition at the end of the sentence - emphasis

Question 17

Effect of ‘sick and sad.’

Answer 17

Sibilance - increases ‘musical’ quality, making these particular terms stand out to the reader

Question 18

Effect of ‘white man’

Answer 18

Highlights ‘race war’

Question 19

Effect of ‘Maybe I shall find them among the dead.’

Answer 19

‘Maybe’ ‘shall’ - Modal verb adds uncertainty - makes it seem more sympathetic, adds to the vulnerability.

Question 20

Effect of ‘no blankets’

Answer 20

Poverty/struggle

Question 21

Effect of ‘At last I was granted permission’

Answer 21

Shows that his people were marginalised

Question 22

Effect of ‘cannot understand’ ‘breaks his word’ ‘promise’

Answer 22

Pragmatics of broken promises

Question 23

Effect of ‘cannot understand’

Answer 23

Repetition to reinforce the issue

Question 24

Repetition of ‘Good words’

Answer 24

makes it memorable

Question 25

Repetition of heart

Answer 25

motif - have sympathy and symbolises death of some NAs

Question 26

‘Great Spirit Chief’

Answer 26

referring to God, speech has a spiritual tone

Question 27

Semantic field of freedom

Answer 27

repetition of ‘free’ ironic as it makes the reader question how free anyone truly is