Child + Adolescent Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the prevalence of mental health difficulties in children?
What proportion/% of these are in contact with specialist services?
Affects 10% children
1/10 in contact with specialist services
Describe the normal social development from newborn to 5yrs
Newborn → lack selective attachments/stranger anxiety
9m→ stranger anxiety + selective attachments begin
18m → distressed/anxious behav + proximity seeking
3-4yrs → separates more easily from parents
5y → develop friendship
What are the 3 categories of attachment in infants?
- Secure attachment
- Anxious-ambivalent insecure attachment
- Anxious-avoidant insecure attachment
What is the prevalence of ASD - in most severe form?
In all forms?
M:F?
Most severe (Kanner) = 1 in 10,000 All forms = 1 in 100 M 4:1 F
What are the triad of deficits in Autism?
Social interaction
Communication
Repetitive behaviour
What are the 3 core symptoms in ADHD?
- Inattention
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
What are the common shared causes of ASD/ADHD/Dyslexia (3)
BOTH SAME:
Genetics
Neurotransmitters
Brain injury
Psychosocial: affects how pt presents + how copes
What is dyslexia?
What is the incidence (severest/all)?
Persistent difficulties processing/producing written material (out of keeping with other abilities)
Most severe 4% gen pop + all forms 10% prevalence
What are some of the medications available for ADHD? (2)
What age should they be commenced?
Stimulants: Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)
Non-stimulants: Atomoxetine
What psychological managements for ADHD? (3)
What social management? (1)
Psychological:
Behavioural therapy
Parental training
Cognitive training
Social:
Liaison with education (poss special needs)
In what situations should you disclose info, breaching requested confidentiality of child/YP (3)
To prevent harm to public/others
To prevent harm to child/YP who does not have maturity or understanding to make decision about disclosure
When disclosure is required by law
What IQs classed as Mild/Moderate/Severe/Profound Intellectual Disability? + their prevalences in the gen pop?
Mild: IQ 50-69 (1.5-3% - 85% all IDs)
Mod: 35-49 (0.5%)
Severe: 20-34 (0.5%)
Profound: <20 (0.05%)
What are some epidemiological associations with intellectual disabilities? (5)
Male Lower social class Overcrowding Poverty Irregular unskilled employment
What are the 2 most common causes of LDs?
Down’s
Fragile X
What chromosomal defect in:
Cri-de-Chat syndrome?
Tuberous Sclerosis
Neurofibromatosis?
Cru-de-Chat: Short arm deletion csome5
TS: TSG mutation on csome 9 or 16
NF: csome 17 mutation
List some chromosomal/genetic causes of intellectual disability (6)
Down's Fragile X Cri-de-Chat Tuberous Sclerosis Neurofibromatosis PKU
List some postnatal causes of LDs
Meningitis/encephalitis Brain tumour Head injury Abuse/neglect Malnutrition Chronic lead poisoning
What are some of the risks in Intellectual Disability? (6)
Suicide Self-harm Harm to others Harm from others Property damage Unsupervised exit
What are the main concepts of a Risk Assessment + Management Plan (RAAMP) for children? (4)
- Collecting evidence
- Identifying triggers and context
- Plan the consequences
- Develop strategies to minimise risky behavior
What % of Autism children have LDs?
> 2/3rds
List some presenting features of Autism (12)
- Aloof/unfriendly
- Repetitive movements
- Little eye contact
- Poor non-verbal communication
- Little /no interaction with mother
- Do not bring toys to show to mother
- Do not run to greet parents
- Do not follow mother around the house
- No imaginative play
- Carry same object around
- Clumsy at copying movements
- Cannot understand world: temper tantrums
List some common features of speech in Autism (3)
- Exact repetition
- Pronoun reversal
- Difficulty with abstraction
List the common features of Asperger’s (3 Speech + 3 other)
- Good speech (but long winded + literal)
- Long monologues (regardless of response)
- Monotonous
- Lack of common sense in social interactions
- Physically clumsy
- Intelligence – at least average if not v intelligent
What are some basic principles in the management of Autism (5)
o Sufficient /quiet personal space
o Each day organized/explained
o Content of activities not beyond their capabilities
o Treatment of epilepsy + other physical problems
o Behavioural approach to obsessions
