Child developement/ wellbeing Flashcards
(27 cards)
What vitamin supplementation is required in partially/ exclusively breastfed infants?
Iron
Vitamin D
Recommended time infants should have breast mild/ formula feeding
Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is highly encouraged
12 months breastmilk/ iron-fortified forumula is preferred
> 2 years is encouraged
When does complementary feeding start for infants
6 months
Complementary foods introduced to infants
Foods rich in iron, protein and zinc:
- Iron: cereal, pureed meats, - Fruits and veg
Amount
- 1-2 Tbsp of single food a day
- Wait 3-5 days to monitor for allergy
<11 months- potentially allergenic foods
- nuts, egg, milk, wheat
- peanuts at 6 months
Foods and drinks to avoid in infants
Honey- risk of botulism
Unpasteurised dairy
Uncooked meat
Sweetened. products- syrups, chocolated
Salt- canned food, processed meats
High mercury foods:
Drinks:
- water < 6 months
- tea
- cow/ alternative milk
- carbonated or artificially sweetened drinks
Advise for giving infants water
No water if < 6 months- risk of hyponatraemia
6-11 months- 4oz/ 120mL day
Features of adequate milk intake in newborns
8–12 feeds per day
6–8 wet diapers per day after the first 2 days
Stools transition from black to green by day 3 and to a bright, seedy yellow by day 5
Normal weight patterns:
- An initial weight loss < 8% of birth weight
- After days 3–4, gains 15–30 g/day
What vitamins are not in breastmilk
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Medical indications for specialised infant formula
Cow mild protein allergy- hypoallergenic formula
Prematurity- premature formula
Galactosemia, Lactose intolerance- soy based formula
Well child visit scedule
First neonatal visit
- Day 3-5
Then at 2-4 weeks
After:
- 2 monthly until 6 months
- 3 monthly until 18 months
- 6 monthly until age 3
From age 3- annually
Recommended health screening for all infants
- Growth
- Immunisation status
- Hearing loss
- Visual loss
- Hypertension
Behavioural, social and emotional disorders
When should an infant be screened for iron-deficiency anaemia
4 months
Recommended infant screen for 6 months
Lead toxicity
Dental caries
TB
Recommended infant screen at 12 months
Hb- anaemia screen
Lead toxicity
TB
Immunisation
When should screening for ASD occur in children
18-24 months
When should risk factors for paediatric dyslipidaemia occur?
From 24 months
Mid-parental height calculation
Males: dad + mum / 2 + 2.5 x 6.5cm
Females: dad + mum / 2 = 2.5 x 6.5cm
Abnormal growth pattern features
> 2 standard devations from the mean (<3%, >97%)
Crossing at least 2 major percentiles on the growth curve
Deviating >10cm/ 4 inches from mid-parental heigh
When does head circumfernece grow most rapidly in infants
Age 3-6 months
How does an infant weight change in the first 2 years of like
4 months- doubles
1 year- triples
2 years- quadruples
What is the initial method of hearing screen?
Pure tone audiometry
If abnormal- tympanometry
Recommended visual loss screen at birth-age 4
Bruckner test- red reflex
Fixation + tracking
Hirschberg test- strabismus
Recommended visual loss screen at age 1-2
Instruments to estimate refractor error and amblyopia
When does screnning for scoliosis occur
Girls- age 10-12
Boys- age 13-14
