Child Growth and Development

Question 1

What are the general rules of primary eruption?

Answer 1

• From anterior to posterior teeth.
• As a general rule mandibular teeth erupt BEFORE maxillary except lateral incisors
• Eruption begins at 6 months.
• Eruption of deciduous dentition is in most cases complete by 24 months of age.
• But- wide variation of “normal”.

Question 2

What are features of the jaw at birth?

Answer 2

Gum pads do not meet

Tongue rests on lower gum pad in contact with lower lip

Question 3

What are the characteristics of primary dentition that are different to adult dentition?

Answer 3

• Incisors upright.
• Incisors are spaced.
• Teeth are smaller
• Reduced overjet.
• More white in colour

Question 4

What is the psychology of child development?

categories

Answer 4

• Motor
• Cognitive
• Perceptual
• Language
• Social

Question 5

What are the stages of cognitive development?

Answer 5

sensorimotor
preoperational thought
concrete operations
formal operations

Question 6

What are examples of disorders of speech and language?

Answer 6

• Learning difficulties
• Cerebral palsy
• Autism
• Delayed speech and language development
• Head injury
• Acquired neurological disorders
• Non fluency
• Dysphonia
• Craniofacial disorders

Question 7

What are oral defects that can cause speech problems?

Answer 7

VPI
cleft
oronasal fistulae
class 3 occlusion (underbite)

Question 8

What is VPI?

Answer 8

velopharyngeal incompetence
when the soft palate seal between your oral and nasal cavities doesn’t close completely

can be due to cleft or non cleft

Question 9

When does a mature and integrated feeding pattern occur?

Answer 9

24 months

Question 10

What are the components of communication?

Answer 10

verbal
paralinguisitic (tone of voice -loud, quiet, stern)
non-verbal (facial expression, body contact)

Question 11

When should parents be excluded from the surgery?

Answer 11

• Unable to refrain from competing with the dentist for their child’s attention.
• Unintentionally convey their own anxieties to their child through body language and words.

Question 12

What should dentist not do when managing behaviour of child?

Answer 12

• bribe
• coax
• shout
• bully
• threaten
• allow child to have all their own way

Question 13

What should the dentist do?

Answer 13

• Preventing pain
• Being friendly & establish trust
• Working quickly
• Having a calm manner
• Giving moral support
• Being re-assuring about pain
• Empathy