Child Langauge theories

Question 1

What theory is Skinner?

Answer 1

Behaviourism

Question 2

What did Skinner find

Answer 2

Trial and error
imitation
operant conditioning

Question 3

What theory is Chomsky?

Answer 3

Nativist

Question 4

What did Chomsky say?

Answer 4

that it is an innate ability to learn grammar

overgeneralisations/ virtuous errors

LAD - language acquisition device

Question 5

What theory is Bruner

Answer 5

Social interactionist

Question 6

What did Bruner say?

Answer 6

LASS - language acquisition support system

interrogatives and social interaction

using caregiver language to communicate with children

Question 7

What theory is Piaget !

Answer 7

cognitive

Question 8

What did Piaget say?

Answer 8

understanding comes before application

Vygotsky- more knowledgable other influences

Question 9

What four stages did Piaget come up with?

Answer 9

sensorimotor , preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations

Question 10

what is the sensorimotor stage?

Answer 10

from 0-2 years

experiences through senses and movement

object permanence (understands objects exists outside field of vision)

goal- directed behaviour - understands actions can cause an effect

Question 11

what is the preoperational stage

Answer 11

2-7 years

egocentric

engaged in collective monolouges (speaking time themselves)

role play

Question 12

what is the concrete operations stage?

Answer 12

7-11 years

child more mature- more logic

egocentrism begins to disappear

classification

Question 13

what is the formal operations stage?

Answer 13

12+ years

begins to think abstractly

reasons about hypothetical problems

Question 14

What did Rescorla find?

Answer 14

researched over extensions

three categories :

categorical

analogically

statement

Question 15

What are the four stages of development?

Answer 15

holophrastic

two-word

telegraphic

post-telegraphic

Question 16

What is the holophrastic stage in the stages of development?

Answer 16

12-18 months

one word, usually nouns , which are called holophrases/ operators

Question 17

What is the two word stage of the stages of development?

Answer 17

the beginnings of syntactical development

pivot words, e.g. more, other, all, all gone

Question 18

what is the telegraphic stage of the stages of development?

Answer 18

27-42 months

-two - three words “give me toy”

elliptical/minor sentences

content words are used

function words emitted

supports nativist theory

Question 19

what is the post-telegraphic stage of the stages of development?

Answer 19

more syntax awareness

functional words

sentences longer

formulated requests using modal verbs

fewer overgeneralisations

Question 20

what are the 7 functions of Halliday’s taxonomy of language?

Answer 20

instrumental 
regulatory 
interactional
Personal
heuristic 
imaginative 
representational

Question 21

what is hallidays instrumental function?

Answer 21

express needs

eg “want juice”

Question 22

what is hallidays regulatory function?

Answer 22

language used to influence the behaviour of others

eg “go away”

Question 23

what is hallidays interactional function?

Answer 23

used to make contact with others, concerned with the phatic dimension of talk

eg “love you mummy”

Question 24

What is Halliday’s personal function?

Answer 24

Used to express feelings/ opinions/ individual identity

Question 25

What is Halliday’s heuristic function?

Answer 25

language used to explore and gain knowledge about the environment

Question 26

What is Halliday’s imaginative function?

Answer 26

tell stories and jokes

Question 27

What is Halliday’s representational function?

Answer 27

language used to convey facts and information

Question 28

What did Katherine Nelson say?

Answer 28

She found children’s first 50 words 60% contained nouns, then verbs, then modifiers, then personal: social words

Question 29

What did Roger Brown say?

Answer 29

Two word utterances to talk about objects, indicating location, actions performed by people and objects and the location of the actions

Question 30

What is an agent

Answer 30

a subject/ doer

Question 31

What is an action?

Answer 31

a verb

Question 32

What is an demonstrative?

Answer 32

that/ those/ these

Question 33

What is an entity?

Answer 33

object/ thing

Question 34

what is a nomination?

Answer 34

labelling people

Question 35

what is a recurrence?

Answer 35

a repetition of events

Question 36

what is an attribute?

Answer 36

an adjective

Question 37

what is a negation?

Answer 37

to express denial

Question 38

what is a location?

Answer 38

where soemthing is

Question 39

what is a possessor?

Answer 39

ownership

Question 40

How is Giles accommodation theory relevant to child language?

Answer 40

When a caregiver converges their speech patterns towards a child (convergence) child directed speech, using simpler lexis

Question 41

What did Bleile say?

Answer 41

children often substitute fro stove and affirmative consonants for easier sounds

Question 42

What are Bellugis 3 stages of negative forms? (negations)

Answer 42

stage 1- “no read book”, two word- telegraphic stage stage 2- “i no read book” , telegraphic stage stage 3 -“i do not want to read” , post telegraphic stage

Question 43

What did David Crystal say?

Answer 43

children use pragmatic devices to say no and will use words like “maybe” to portray a negative response

Question 44

What are Bellugis 3 pronoun stages?

Answer 44

stage one- “Hannah play” uses own name , two word stage stage two- “me play that”, two word- telegraphic stage stage three- “i play with the doll”, post- telegraphic stage

Question 45

Bowerman (spoken and written)

Answer 45

verbal overgeneralisations or adjective experimentation most commonly occur once children have developed a fairly large vocabulary, test the limits of these regularities

Question 46

Clark (written and spoken)

Answer 46

spatial adjective are challenging because of their relative qualities

Question 47

what did berko and brown say?

Answer 47

children are aware of many different phonemes before they are able to produce themselves expect adults to say the sound standardly

Question 48

What did Rescorla find?

Answer 48

that most overextensions are categorical

Question 49

Aitchinson

Answer 49

Lexical developement, with 3 stages

Question 50

What is the first stage of lexical development?

Answer 50

Labelling- child identifies objects and people

Question 51

What is the second stage of lexical development?

Answer 51

Packaging- starting to explore the extent of a label. | Over and underextensions occur most frequently at this stage.

Question 52

What is the third stage of lexical development?

Answer 52

Network building- invloves grasping the connections between words understands some words are opposites acknowledges the relationship between hypernymns and hyponyms.

Question 53

What did Vygotsky say about sociodramatic play?

Answer 53

linked it to both cognitive and social development. observed how children role play adult behaviours as part of exploring their environment.

Question 54

What did Catherine Garvey say?

Answer 54

that children adopt roles/ identites, act out storylines and invent objects and settings as required in a role-play scenario.