Child Language Acquisition

Question 1

Order of precedence

Answer 1

The order in which male and female terms are placed in a pairing

Question 2

Proto Word

Answer 2

These are made up words-like vocalisation that are used to by children to represent a word they can’t pronounce

Question 3

Phonemic Expansion

Answer 3

This is when the number of phonemes produced increases (this happens during the babbling stage)

Question 4

Phonemic Contractions

Answer 4

This is when the child narrows the range of phonemes to the one found in their native language

Question 5

Phoneme

Answer 5

This is the smallest unit of sounds

Question 6

Babbling

Answer 6

A stage of early language acquisition when a baby makes consonant-vowel or vowel-consonant sounds

at 6 months

Question 7

Rhythm

Answer 7

This is the beat a language has

Question 8

Intonation

Answer 8

This the melody or music of a language

Question 9

Overextension

Answer 9

When a child uses a word to refer to multiple categories e.g every four-legged animal as ‘dog’

Question 10

Under-extension

Answer 10

A child doesn’t use a word enough for particular cases

Question 11

Consonant cluster

Answer 11

group of consonants with no vowels in-between

Question 12

Diagraph

Answer 12

Two letters that combine together but make one sound

Question 13

Graphemes

Answer 13

Letters in a language

Question 14

Bilabial

Answer 14

A sound that is formed by the closure of the lips e.g ‘b’ ‘p’

Question 15

Labio-dental

Answer 15

Consonants that are articulated with the lips and teeth

Question 16

Assimilation

Answer 16

Changing consonant or vowel sound for another sound, usually the first plosives like ‘d’ ‘b’ the child would say ‘gog’ for ‘dog’

Question 17

Addition

Answer 17

Adding an extra sound to the end of words

Question 18

Substitution

Answer 18

Substituting hard sounds with easier sounds

Question 19

Reduplication

Answer 19

Repeating a whole syllable e.g ‘hammy’ for ‘ham’

Question 20

Phonemic Deletion

Answer 20

This is usually the first consonant may be dropped

Question 21

Deletion of unstressed syllable

Answer 21

Omitting unstressed syllable in words

Question 22

Consonant cluster reduction

Answer 22

A consonant cluster can be hard to articulate so children reduce them to smaller units e.g ‘pider’ for ‘spider’

Question 23

Holophrastic stage

Answer 23

This is when a child only uses one word to denote meaning. e.g ‘fish’
(between 12-18 months)

Question 24

Two-word stage

Answer 24

This is when a child starts to use two words only to communicate e.g ‘mummy up’
(between 18-24 months)

Question 25

Telegraphic stage

Answer 25

This is when a child's sentences/utterances gradually get longer, and the sentences they produce make sense but are not grammatically right e.g 'this coat all wet' (between 2-3 years)

Question 26

Post-telegraphic

Answer 26

This is when a child's utterances starts to resemble adult speech and they start to use complex language. (3+ years)

Question 27

What is Exaggerated Prosodic Cues?

Answer 27

This is when you use exaggerated intonation patterns and slightly higher frequencies, greater pitch variation

Question 28

Recasting

Answer 28

Phrasing sentences in different ways, eg. making it a question.

Question 29

Echoing

Answer 29

repeating what a child said

Question 30

Expansion

Answer 30

Restating what a child said in a more linguistically sophisticated form

Question 31

Monopthongs

Answer 31

Vowels with one sound

Question 32

Expatiation

Answer 32

Expanding further on the word by giving more information

Question 33

Sociodramatic

Answer 33

In play, children adopt roles and identities acting out storylines and inventing object and settings, whilst practicing social interaction with clear rules and reflecting the world behaviour

Question 34

Mc Gillion et al

Answer 34

They found that babies who babble and have two stable consonants at an earlier age also start to use words at an earlier age

Question 35

Piaget

Answer 35

He suggested there 4 stages to cognitive development: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete stage and Formal Operational.

Question 36

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 36

• At 2yrs • they know the world through movement e.g sucking. They learn crawling and walking this stage

Question 37

Preoperational

Answer 37

• 2to 7yrs •Learn words and pictures •They are egocentric and can skillfully play pretend

Question 38

Concrete stage

Answer 38

•7 to 11yrs •Their egocentrism starts to stop, and they learn people's feelings •They start to think logically

Question 39

Formal operational stage

Answer 39

•12 and up •They start to think morally, philosophically, ethical, and socially

Question 40

Adjacency Pairs

Answer 40

Adjacency pair is a unit of conversation that contains an exchange of one turn each by two speakers | e.g Question and answer