Child Language Aquisition Flashcards
(31 cards)
State 2 elements of Vygotsky’s theory
1) children need a ‘more knowledgeable other’ to learn language - as they provide scaffolding and support
2) children have a ‘zone of proximal development’ which is the time they have to learn language and make progress
Who developed IRF (Initiation, Response, Feedback)?
Sinclair and coulthard (1975)
What does a nativist believe?
That language is innate and that children are immediately born with it.
What did Berko and Brown (1960s) discover?
That a child referred to an inflatable as a ‘fis’ but couldn’t link adults use of the word to the object
What does a cognitivist believe?
That language grows as children develop over time
State 8 stages of John Dore’s functions of speech
1) labelling
2) repeating
3) answering
4) requesting
5) calling
6) greeting
7) protesting
8) practicing
Who developed the idea of negation in early childhood language?
Pea (1980)
What was the LASS (Language Aquisition Support System)?
Idea that scaffolding can support child’s development and increases their confidence. They go from passive to active learners.
What does IRF (Initation, Response, Feedback) mean?
Question, answer, praise
(Child directed speech between caregiver and child)
CASE STUDY: Explain Genie’s case
13 yr old girl locked in dark room for 13 yrs with little sunlight - couldn’t talk, walk, stand etc.
Rescued, taught by teachers/psychologists but couldn’t develop past 2 word stage of CLA (never caught up)
Proved Skinner’s and Lenneberg’s theories
State 5 elements of child directed speech
1) tag questions
2) repeating child’s name
3) recasting child’s mistakes
4) higher pitch
5) actions that accompanies speech
Who came up with the LASS (Language Aquisition Support System)?
Bruner
When are children in the holophrastic stage of CLA?
Usually 12-18 months
Explain Bobo doll experiment
Adults behaved violently towards blow up doll - children watched and when alone also acted violently - imitated bad behaviour
When adults were kind to it, so were the children
Proves social cognitive theory is correct
Who came up with the Bobo doll experiment?
Bandura (1977)
What does negation mean?
Found children from age 1 use headshakes to signal rejection negation before they’ve learnt to speak
What 2 things does Jean Aitcherson suggest?
1) At 18 months a child realises everything has a label attached to it and so assume things
2) Naming explosion - developing new language to fill in gaps
What are the stages of child language acquisition, in order?
1) preverbal
2) holophrastic
3) two word
4) telegraphic
5) post telegraphic
What is Tomasello’s theory?
Believes ability to learn language is social that relies on cognitive processes to pattern form and understand generalisations
What is skinner’s theory and what does it suggest?
Behaviourism
Children learn language through their environment (media, caregivers, family etc.)
Positive and negative reinforcement - praise and corrections
Links to pigeon and rat experiments
What did the 3 stages of pronoun usage contain?
1) child uses own name
2) child uses i/me pronouns
3) child uses them correctly in the appropriate place
Who came up with the 3 stages of pronoun usage?
Bellugi (1971)
Who came up with the ‘wug test’?
Berko (1958)
What does Chomsky’s theory suggest?
Every child is born with a LAD (Language Aquisition Device) built into their brain that allows them to speak language
Language is innate (inbuilt) and environmental factors have no influence over child’s ability to speak
Nativism
