Child psychology Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the definition for attachment?
A close emotional relationship between two persons, characterised by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity.
What is a reciprocal attachment?
When both the mothers and babies need to be close to one another.
What is an innate response used for?
To promote survival
How long is the critical period according to Bowlby?
3 years.
What is deprivation?
Deprivation is a loss of an attachment that has formed.
What is privation?
Privation is an absence of attachment, that is, and attachment that has never been formed. Privation occurs when a child is extremely neglected or in a situation where a caregiver is unable to bond with a child.
What are the features of the evolutionary theory?
- Natural selection
- Adaption
- Survival
- Innate behaviours
What is the evolutionary theory?
Ancestral humans needed to ensure that their young maintained close proximity to an adult. Such closeness is innate and so must have evolved as a mechanism to ensure survival.
What are the 3 stages of attachment/
- First few months of life, a baby will respond indiscriminately towards any adult figure
- When child is 3-6 months they use social releasers directly to the primary caregiver
- At 6 months, child shows intense attachment to primary caregiver. Distress at separation, reunion behaviour.
What is the maternal deprivation hypothesis?
Poor or damaged early childhood experiences could negatively affect people permanently and irreversibly.
What is the continuity hypothesis?
A good attachment leads to healthy adult relationships
What is the internal working model?
The first relationship (attachment) becomes a template for future relationships.
Why do children use social releasers?
A child elicits social releasers e.g. crying to trigger caring behaviour from the parent.
What is a caregiver to a child?
The caregiver is a safe haven and secure base from which the child can explore and learn.
What happens when a child is apart from their caregiver.
When apart from the caregiver, the child experiences separation anxiety and distress, and seeks comfort from their caregiver if hurt.
What is monotropy?
Attachment with one (mono-) other person. Other attachments do form, but in a hierarchy under the most important primary attachment.
What is the maternal derivation hypothesis in more detail?
If the attachment relationship is broken or not formed before the age of 3 years old, it will have permanent and irreversible negative effects on the social, emotional and intellectual development of the child.
What is a safe haven?
Returning to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear or threat.
What is a secure base?
The attachment figure acts as a base of security from which the child can explore the surrounding environment.
What was bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation used for?
Bowlby’s theories on maternal deprivation were directly responsible for radical changes in the care of hospitalised children in Europe.
How wer Bowlby’s theories used negatively?
Bowlby’s theories became public knowledge after WW2. They were used to force and pressure women out of their newly found jobs so returning soldiers could have their old jobs back.
