Child Safeguarding Flashcards
(38 cards)
1
Q
What is chid protection?
A
activity undertaken to protect children who are suffering or are at roof suffering, significant harm
2
Q
Who are children in need?
A
those who require additional support or services to achieve their full potential
3
Q
What does safeguarding children involve?
A
- measures taken to minimise the risks of harm to children
- protecting children from maltreatment
- preventing impairment of children’s health or development
- ensuring children grow up in a safe or caring environment
4
Q
What is child abuse and neglect?
A
anything which those entrusted with the care of children do, or fail to do, which damages their prospects of safe and healthy development into adulthood
5
Q
What is the definition of child abuse?
A
- significant harm to child
- carer has some responsibility for that harm
- significant connection between carer’s responsibility for child and harm to child
6
Q
What national guidance and legislation is used in Scotland regarding child protection?
A
- National Guidance for Child Protection in Scotland 2014
- Scottish Government
- Children and Young Peoples Act 2014
- Getting It Right For Every Child (GIRFEC)
7
Q
What does the Children & Young People’s Act 2014 detail?
A
- 13 parts covering a wide range of children’s policy
- 4 major themes
- children’s rights (1-2)
- GIRFEC (3, 4, 5, 13)
- early learning and childcare (6)
- looked after children (7-11)
8
Q
What does GIRFEC detail?
A
- named person for every child
- single point of contact to provide advice and support to families
- raise and deal with concerns about a child’s wellbeing
- not mandatory
- lead professional
- in case of complex needs
- different agencies need to work together
- single child’s plan
- single planning process for individual children
- national practice model
- shared language to identify and meet concerns
- SHANARRI
- world triangle
- resilience matrix
- shared language to identify and meet concerns
- shared approach to
- organise and record information about a child
- discuss ways of addressing concerns about wellbeing
9
Q
What does SHANARRI stand for?
A
- Safe
- Healthy
- Achieving
- Nurtured
- Active
- Respected
- Responsible
- Included
10
Q
What is SHANARRI used for?
A
- observing and recording
- gathering information and analysis
- planning action and review
- well-being concerns
- assessment
- well-beong desired outcome
11
Q
What international guidance is used regarding child protection?
A
- Children and Young Peoples Charter
- UNCRC
- based on the needs of children
12
Q
What are possible contributing factors to child abuse?
A
- adult aetiology
- drugs
- alcohol
- poverty
- unemployment
- marital stress
- mental illness
- disability
- domestic violence
- step parents
- isolation
- abused as a child
- unrealistic expectation
- child aetiology
- crying
- soiling
- disability
- unwanted pregnancy
- failed expectation
- wrong gender
- product of forced, coercive or commercial sex
- community/environmental aetiology
- dwelling place and housing conditions
- neighbourhood
- family violence and dysfunctional family
- intergenerational cycle
- violence towards pets
- social isolation
- poverty
13
Q
What are the big three concerns for parenting capacity?
A
- domestic violence
- drug and alcohol misuse
- mental health problems
14
Q
What are the 5 categories of child abuse?
A
- physical
- emotional
- neglect
- sexual
- non-organic failure to thrive
15
Q
What constitutes a vulnerable child?
A
- under 5s
- irregular attenders
- repeatedly do not attend
- return in pain
- exposed to risks of general anaesthetic
- medical problems and disabilities
- more at risk of experiencing all kinds of abuse
- serious impairment of health or development
- more likely as a result of untreated dental disease - ‘looked after’ children
16
Q
How many deaths are caused by child abuse in Scotland and the UK
A
- Scotland: 10 children a year
- UK: 1-2 children a week
17
Q
What are the markers of neglect?
A
- nutrition
- failure to thrive
- short stature
- warmth, clothing, shelter
- inappropriate clothing
- cold injury
- sunburn
- hygiene and healthcare
- ingrained dirt (finger nails)
- head lice
- dental caries
- stimulation and education
- developmental delay
- affection
- withdrawn
- attention seeking behaviour
18
Q
What are the most common ways can neglect kill?
A
- child under 1 year old
- deprived of food and drink
- older children
- independently mobile
- child inadequately supervised
19
Q
What damage does neglect cause?
A
- short term
- physical health
- emotional health
- social development
- cognitive development
- long term
- adults neglected as children at higher incidence of:
- arrest
- suicide attempts
- major depression
- diabetes
- heart disease
- adults neglected as children at higher incidence of:
20
Q
What is the definition of dental neglect?
A
- persistent failure to meet a child’s basic oral health needs, likely to result in the serious impairment of a child’s oral or general health or development
-BSPD (2009)
21
Q
What can dental disease cause leading to general neglect?
A
- toothache
- disturbed sleep
- difficulty eating/change in food preferences
- absence from school
- teasing due to poor dental appearance
- repeated antibiotics
- repeated general anaesthetic extractions
- severe infection
22
Q
What dental neglect can be considered wilful neglect?
A
- after dental problems have been pointed out
- irregular attendance
- repeated failed appointments
- repeated late cancellations
- failure to complete treatment
- returning in pain at repeated intervals
- repeated general anaesthetic for dental extractions
23
Q
What are indicators of dental neglect?
A
- obvious dental disease
- to someone not dentally trained
- impact on the child
- pain
- problems with eating and sleeping
- practical care has been offered but no return for treatment
24
Q
How is dental neglect managed?
A
- 3 stages
- preventive dental team management
- raise concerns with parents
- offer support
- set targets
- keep records
- monitor progress - preventive multi-agency management
- lease with other professions
- ascertain if concerns are shared
- common assessment framework (CAF)
- check if subject to child protection plan/register
- agree on joint plan of action with all professionals
- letter to health visitor asking if child is known
- lease with health visitor - child protection referral
- in complex or deteriorating situations
- follow local guidelines
- referral to social services
- preventive dental team management
- patient/carer offered treatment and sent reminder
25
What elements are involved in assessment framework for safeguarding and promoting child welfare?
- child's developmental needs
- health
- education
- emotional and behavioural development
- identity
- family and social relationships
- social presentation
- self-care skills
- parenting capacity
- basic care
- ensuring safety
- emotional warmth
- stimulation
- guidance and boundaries
- stability
- family and environmental factors
- family history and functioning
- wider family
- housing
- employment
- family's social integration
- community resources
26
What are the types of physical abuse?
- over chastisement
- can be cultural
- acute/compassionate (shaking)
- spontaneous uncalculated reaction
- remorse, take action appropriately
- children's needs are priority
- chronic/pathological (way of life)
- help sought but not actively
- no remorse
- children's needs are not a priority
27
What does the law state about physical abuse in Scotland?
- illegal to hit a child with an object or on the head
- illegal to physically punish a child
28
What types of injuries are seen as a result of physical abuse?
- head
- 95% serious head injuries in first year of life
- body
- 10% of 5 year olds attending A&E
- burns
- 10-12% are non-accidental
29
What are common examples of accidental injuries?
- accidental injuries typically involve bony prominences, match the history and are in keeping with the development of the child
- head injuries
- parietal bone
- occipital bone
- forehead
- elbows
- nose
- chin
- palm of hand
- knees
- shins
30
What are common examples of non-accidental injuries?
- concerns are raised by injuries to both sides of the body, injuries to soft tissues, injuries with particular patterns, injury which does not fit explanation, delays in presentation, untreated injuries
- ears
- especially both
- pinch marks
- triangle of safety
- ears,
- side of face and neck
- top of shoulders
- inner aspects of arms
- back and side of trunk
- except directly over spine
- black eyes
- especially bilateral
- soft tissues of cheeks
- intra-oral injuries
- forearms
- chest and abdomen
- any groin or genital injury
- inner aspects of thighs
- sole of feet
31
What signs of physical abuse can be seen extraorally?
- bruising of face
- punch
- slap
- pinch
- bruising of ears
- pinch
- pull
- abrasions and lacerations
- burns and bites
- neck
- choke or cord marks
- eye injuries
- hair pulling
- fractures
nose>mandible>zygoma
32
What are major clinical features of physical abuse?
- skin lesions
- bruises
- burns
- bites
- lacerations
- bone lesions
- fractures
- intracranial lesions
- from shaking
- visceral lesions
- intra-abdominal
- from blunt trauma
33
What signs of physical abuse can be seen intraorally?
- contusions
- bruises
- abrasions and lacerations
- burns
- tooth trauma
- frenal injuries
- very suspicious if not mobile
34
What makes an injury suspicious?
- delay in seeking help
- story vague, lacking detail, varies story telling
- account not compatible with injury
- parent mood abnormal, preoccupied
- parents behaviour gives cause for concern
- child's appearance and interaction with parents is abnormal
- child may say something contradictory
- history of previous injury
- history of violence within family
35
What is expected of the dental team regarding child abuse and neglect?
- observe
- record
- communicate
- refer for assessment
- not expected to diagnose
36
How can dental professionals help children experiencing abuse and neglect?
- share concerns
- named person
- know where to go for help and advice
- experienced colleague
- named safeguarding nurese
- child protection adviser
- named doctor for safeguarding
- social work/social services
- children's services department
- NSPCC helpline
- know what to do is concerns still stand following initial discussion
- know hoe to refer/share concerns
- telephone initially, followed up in writing
- facts
- statement of concern
37
What details are included in a notification of concern form/shared referral form
- referral details
- designated contact person
- referral to
- subject of referral
- preferred language
- child affected by disability
- family details
- principle carer's details
- other adults in household
- any other significant adults
- siblings
- summary of concerns
- reason for referral/request for services
- agreed actions
- agency involvement
38
What happens after a referral is made?
- if child in immediate danger
- child protection order
- exclusion order
- child assessment order
- removal by police or authority of a JP
- if child not in immediate danger
- investigation
- initial assessment
- decide if child is at risk of significant harm
- no further child protection action, may get additional support
- joint investigation
