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child psych: exam 4 > child/ teen depression > Flashcards

child/ teen depression Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some emotional symptoms of depression?

A

-sadness
-irritability
-easily frustrated
-anhedonia

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2
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Loss of interest

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3
Q

What are some cognitive symptoms of depression?

A

-low self-worth, guilt, hopelessness
-poor concentration, decision-making
-thoughts of death & suicidal ideation

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4
Q

What are some physical symptoms of depression?

A
  • insomnia, hypersomnia
  • fatigue, loss of energy
    -psychomotor retardation & agitation
  • appetite & weight changes
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5
Q

What behaviors correlate with depression?

A
  • Inactivity & boredom
  • Socially withdrawn
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6
Q

How do we measure symptoms of depression?

A
  • By using checklists
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7
Q

How do we diagnose depression?

A
  • By conduction interviews
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8
Q

What is the lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder?

A
  • preteens: 2-5%
  • Teens: 10-20 %
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9
Q

What is the lifetime prevalence of persistent depression disorder?

A
  • Preteens: 1%
  • teens: 5%
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10
Q

What are the accompanying symptoms of depression?

A

-Crying
- somatic complaints
-school avoidance
- oppositional behaviors

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11
Q

What happens with gender intensification in regards to who they spend their time with?

A
  • Girls increase in time spent with others
  • Boys increase in solitary activity
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12
Q

What are some biological changes during puberty?

A
  • Increase in females gonadal hormones
    - Estrogen & Progesterone
  • Triggers increases in oxytocin
    - Promotes affiliative behavior
  • Biological readiness for females to form afflictive bonds
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13
Q

What is the lifetimes prevalence of subsyndromal symptoms?

A
  • preteen: 15-20%
  • teens: 15-30%
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14
Q

What are some social changes that happen during puberty?

A
  • Reorganization of family organizations
  • Reorganizations of peer relationships
  • May threaten girls more than boys
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15
Q

What are some sex differences in depression?

A
  • Preteen: generally equal
  • Early- mid adolescence: more females than males get depressions
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16
Q

What did we find in the gender-linked difference study by Cyranowski (about relationships)?

A
  • Girls prefer close and intimate relationships
    - develop a sense of self in connection with others
  • Boys prefer independence and develop a sense of self-related to achievement
17
Q

What are some genetic influences with depression?

A
  • Behavior Genetics:
    - depression runs in family
    - Affects MZ twins more
  • Molecular Genetics:
    - Abnormalities in seratonin transporter gene and in Brain-deprived neurotrophic factor
18
Q

What is a Brain-deprived Neurotrophic factor?

A
  • It is a protein involved in brain plasticity and response to stress
19
Q

What happens to the brain due to depression?

A

-reduce frontal lobe activation
-over activation of amygdala
-reduced activation to monetary reward
- heightened activation in anterior cingulate cortex during exclusion predicts depression overtime
* - especially in teens with history of peer vicimization

20
Q

What are the roles of hormones in depression?

A
  • dysregulation of HPA axis (cortisol)
  • They mediate effects of early adversity
    - sensitization of later stress
  • Can be a marker of depression risks
    - higher cortisol in infants of depressed mothers
21
Q

Which brain region has to do with depression? what is wrong with those regions?

A
  • Brain abnormalities in structure of limbic system (emotions) and prefrontal cortex (attention & executive functions)
22
Q

What are some cognitive schemas?

A
  • Filter through which process social information
  • Negative Automatic Thoughts
    - “I am a failure”
    - “ Nobody Likes me”
  • Negative Cognitive Triad
    - Self, world, and Future
  • Rigid & resistant to change
23
Q

What are some reciprocal models of peer influence?

A
  • Depression contributes to social problems that maintain & exacerbate symptoms
  • Self- perpetuating cycle
24
Q

what kind of Family Stressors increases likelihood of depression?

A
  • Marital Discord
  • Parent- child conflict
  • Less cohesive, more disengaged
25
Q

What is the stress-generation model?

A

Depression leads to future stress

26
Q

What is the stress-exposure model?

A

it says that stress predicts future depression

27
Q

What does Equifinality say?

A
  • Genetic, biological, cognitive, family, peer, and social contexts all can lead to depression
28
Q

What are some Diathesis-Stress Models?

A
  • Individual * Environmental interaction
    - Diathesis= Vulnerability
  • Cognitive Vulnerability
    - Negative Attributional Stress
  • Biological Vulnerability
    - Heightened HPA response
  • Coping Vulnerability
    - rumination
29
Q

What’s some empirical evidence for peer influence & depression?

A
  • Depression results from behavioral and social problems:
    - Co-rumination
    - Social withdrawal
    - Peer rejection
  • Depression leads to social problems:
    - Social helplessness
    - Rejection
    - Friendship difficulties
30
Q

Attachment Bonds & Depression

A
  • Physical or symbolic loss of caregiver
  • Unresponsive or emotional unavailable
  • Insecure Attachment
    - Negative internal working models
    - Emotion regulation difficulties
31
Q

Parenting Styles & Depression

A
  • Low positive emotion & High negative emotions
  • Intrusiveness & Overcontrol

child psych: exam 4 (5 decks)

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