childhood conditions

Question 1

what are the symptoms of colic?

Answer 1

excessive high pitched crying
difficult to comfort
red in face
clenched fists
knees drawn up to stomach
trouble passing stools
excessive gas

Question 2

when would you need to refer a child with colic?

Answer 2

inconsolable crying

failure to gain weight

Question 3

what OTC product would you recommend for a child with colic?

Answer 3

• infacol eg
  something with simeticone [simethicone]
• lactase enzyme

Question 4

what are the symptoms of cradle cap?

Answer 4

greasy yellow scales on scalp

Question 5

when do you refer an infant with cradle cap?

Answer 5

• severe, cradle cap on face/body
• swelling, scratching, bleeding
• infected/inflamed

Question 6

what products do you recommend to someone with an infant with cradle cap?

Answer 6

• baby shampoo and use soft brush daily
• rubbing olive oil onto scalp
• capasal shampoo/nizoral dandruff shampoo

Question 7

what are the symptoms of meningitis?

Answer 7

• non blanching rash
• flu like symptoms
• high fever
• muscle ache
• stiff neck
• cold hands and feet
• photophobia
• seizures

Question 8

what are the symptoms of meningitis in INFANTS?

Answer 8

• floppiness/unresponsive
• refuse feeds
• difficult to wake up
• rapid breathing
• unusual cry

Question 9

when do you refer someone with meningitis?

Answer 9

all cases must be referred

Question 10

what is the treatment for viral meningitis?

what is the treatment for bacterial meningitis?

Answer 10

viral: does not need hospital treatment, use pain relief
bacterial: life threatening go to hospital

Question 11

give symptoms of measles?

Answer 11

koplik spots
conjuctivitis
 cold like symptoms/fever
rash that starts behind ears and spreads to face
red brown blotchy rash

Question 12

give symptoms of mumps

Answer 12

fever headache malaise

swelling on one side of face or on both sides

Question 13

give symptoms of rubella

Answer 13

rash that starts on the face and spreads

pink-red macular rash

Question 14

when do you refer a pt with MMR [measles, mumps, rubella]

Answer 14

all cases must be referred

Question 15

how long do you keep children away from school if they have measles?

how long for mumps?

rubella?

Answer 15

measles: for 4 days after rash appears
mumps: for 5 days after swelling appears
rubella: for 6 days after rash appears

Question 16

what are the symptoms of nappy rash?

what are the symptoms of fungal nappy rash?

Answer 16

rash on bum

fungal: small red spots on outer edge of rash. rash in skin folds

Question 17

when would you refer an infant with nappy rash?

Answer 17

broken severe nappy rash

yellow crust/weeping

otc has not worked after 1 week

Question 18

what OTC products would you recommend for nappy rash?

Answer 18

barrier preparations - sudacrem

antifungal preparations: clotrimazole, miconazole apply for 7 days after clearing to prevent it returning

Question 19

what is some advice you would give to someone about nappy rash?

Answer 19

change nappies often, leave nappies off to allow skin to air dry, avoid water proof nappies, wash nappy area properly

Question 20

what are the symptoms of oral thrush?

Answer 20

white patches on tongue and inside mouth that cannot be scraped off

Question 21

when would you refer oral thrush?

Answer 21

refer when its recurrent infection
otc failure of more than 1 week
refer all except babies and children bc it is common in them

Question 22

what otc products would you give for oral thrush and the age requirement for them?
what is the dosage regimen for this product

Answer 22

4 months and over: miconazole gel. apply 4 times a day after meals. continue for at least 1 week after symptoms disappear.

Question 23

what are the symptoms of slapped cheek [parvovirus]?

Answer 23

bright red rash on cheeks
light pink/lace-like, itchy rash on trunk and limbs

cold like symptoms

Question 24

when would you refer someone with slapped cheek?

Answer 24

when they have any blood disorders

when they are showing symptoms of anaemia [fainting, SOB, pale skin, tiredness]

Question 25

what OTC products can you give for slapped cheek?

Answer 25

paracetamol/ibuprofen antihistamines if itchy

Question 26

what are the symptoms of whooping cough?

Answer 26

initial symptoms: runny nose, watery eyes, sore throat, fever intense coughing that sounds like a whoop. coughing at night, bringing up thick mucus and vomit

Question 27

when would you refer a pt with whooping cough?

Answer 27

all cases must be referred

Question 28

what is the treatment for whooping cough?

Answer 28

antibiotic is given if cough present for less than 3 weeks. | for the fever give analgesics

Question 29

is whooping cough contagious? for how long would you advice the child to stay away from school?

Answer 29

for 5 days after starting antibiotics or 3 weeks after coughing started

Question 30

what are the symptoms of chicken pox?

Answer 30

small red spots turns into very itchy and infectious blisters which turn into crusts smalll red spots appear on chest first then spread 3 days before spots: fever/headache/sore throat

Question 31

who do you refer someone with chicken pox?

Answer 31

adults pregnant women ppl with weak immune system infants under 4 weeks old

Question 32

what OTC products could you give for chicken pox?

Answer 32

calamine lotion, crotamiton, and chlorphenamine [if older than 1 yo] for itching simple analgesics for fever

Question 33

which analgesic do you avoid in chicken pox and why?

Answer 33

ibuprofen bc can cause serious skin reaction

Question 34

what advice do you give to someone with chicken pox?

Answer 34

don't scratch the lesions: cut nails short and clean them very contagious. it is infectious until lesions have crusted over

Question 35

when would you refer a child under 3 months with a fever?

Answer 35

if the temp is 38 or over - if dehydrated, convulsions, serious signs of floppiness, drowsiness, persistent vomiting, rash

Question 36

when would you refer a child aged 3-6 months with a fever?

Answer 36

if temp is 39 degrees or over

Question 37

when would you refer a child over 6 months with a fever?

Answer 37

if it has been more than 3 days

Question 38

what is the dose of paracetamol post immunisation for children?

Answer 38

60mg up to 4 times a day

Question 39

what is the dose of ibuprofen post immunisation for children?

Answer 39

50mg dose followed by another 50mg dose after 6-8 hours if required

Question 40

what are the symptoms of impetigo?

Answer 40

golden crust lesions

Question 41

what are the 2 types of impetigo and describe each one?

Answer 41

non-bullous impetigo: small red sores around nose and mouth that can turn into blisters and burst. can be itchy bullous impetigo: fluid filled blisters on arms/legs. spreads and then bursts. can be painful and itchy. fever and swollen glands

Question 42

when do you refer someone with impetigo?

Answer 42

all must be referred for antibiotics

Question 43

what are the advice you would give to someone with impetigo?

Answer 43

contagious so stay away from school until rash goes away and give hygiene advice

Question 44

what are the symptoms of scarlet fever?

Answer 44

pink red, itchy 'sandpaper' rash sore throat/heachache/febver/flushed cheek/swollen tongue strawberry tongue

Question 45

when do you refer someone with scarlet fever?

Answer 45

refer all bc needs antibiotics

Question 46

what is the treatment for scarlet fever and duration of treatment?

Answer 46

amoxicillin for 10 days

Question 47

for how long should children with scarlet fever stay off school for?

Answer 47

for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotic