Childhood disease

Question 1

what virus causes chickenpox?

Answer 1

varicella zoster

Question 2

how does varicella zoster spread?
what is the incubation period?
what % of cases are subclinical?

Answer 2

highly contagious - droplet/airborne route

14-21 days

Question 3

what are the features of chicken pox?

Answer 3

ulcers - yellow/blister like
rash - papules, vesicles, pustules, scabs
cervical lymphadenitis
fever
malaise, irritable, anorexia

Question 4

how long does it take to recover from chicken pox?

Answer 4

2-3weeks

Question 5

where are herpetic lesions found in the mouth?

Answer 5

attached gingivae
keratinised areas
e.g hard palate

Question 6

where are apthous ulcers found in the mouth?

Answer 6

non keratinised areas

Question 7

what disease can varicella zoster cause in adults?
what nerve can it affect?
what is the condition associated with?

Answer 7

shinges
affects trigeminal nerve
associated with immunodefiency

Question 8

what are signs of shingles?

Answer 8

pain
rash - unilateral vesicles then scabbing
mandibular zoster/maxillary zoster

Question 9

what is a complication of shingles?

Answer 9

ramsay hunt syndrome

geniculate zoster - rash in ear, facial palsy, ulcers on ipsilateral soft palate

Question 10

how is shingles treated?

Answer 10

aciclovir

analgesics

Question 11

what is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

Answer 11

HSV1 oral disease

Question 12

what are features of PHG?

Answer 12

fever/malaise

cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 13

what is the appearance of the gingivae with PHG?

Answer 13

painful erythematous and swollen gingiva and mulptile tiny vesicles on perioral skin, vermillion upper border of the lip and oral mucosa

Question 14

when is PHG commonly seen?
what can it be mistaken for?
how is it treated?
how long do lesions take to heal?

Answer 14

6months to 6 years
teething
symptomatic treatment
1-2 weeks

Question 15

what are some complications of PHG?

Answer 15

recurrent secondary infections:
herpes labialis - coldsores
intra oral ulceration
herpetic whitlow
secondary eye infection

Question 16

what is hand foot and mouth disease caused by?

Answer 16

coxsackie A virus

Question 17

when does HFM disease occur?

what are the features?

Answer 17

occurs in epidemics in kids

Question 18

what is mumps?

what can it be mistaken for?

Answer 18

viral infection of salivary glands

can be mistaken for obstrucive/bacterial sialdenitits

Question 19

what is the imcubation period for mumps?

what are some features of mumps?

Answer 19

14-21 days
painful swelling
bilateral swelling of parotid glands

Question 20

what is measles?

Answer 20

highly contagious

systemic symptoms and a skin rash

Question 21

what is the incubation period of measles?

Answer 21

10-14 days

Question 22

what is there a high risk of with measles?

Answer 22

bacterial complications

Question 23

what are koplicks spots found in measles?

Answer 23

stay for life

small red macules with necrotic white centres on the buccal mucosa

Question 24

what is rubella?

Answer 24

highly infectious viral infection caused by droplets

Question 25

what is the incubation period of rubella? | what are some features?

Answer 25

14-21 days rash on face, behind ears, mild fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes can damage/kill a foetus

Question 26

what is herpangia?

Answer 26

coxsackie A virus vesicles on soft palate, malaise, sore throat, hard to swallow resolves in a week

Question 27

what can febrile illnesses cause?

Answer 27

enamel hypoplasia

Question 28

what is enamel hypoplasia?

Answer 28

incomplete/defective formation of enamel = alteration of tooth form or colour

Question 29

what causes enamel hypoplasia?

Answer 29

disturbance or damage of the ameloblasts during enamel matrix formation

Question 30

can enamel hypoplasia affect both dentitions?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

what illnesses can cause enamel hypoplasia?

Answer 31

chickenpox | measles

Question 32

what part of the teeth are affected?

Answer 32

only the crowns of developing teeth during illness

Question 33

what teeth does enamel hypoplasia commonly affect?

Answer 33

central incisors laterals 1st molars

Question 34

what is the appearance of enamel hypoplasia?

Answer 34

horizontal rows of pits transversing the tooth surface

Question 35

what does the severity of hypoplasia vary with?

Answer 35

severity and extent of damage to ameloblasts