Childhood Diseases Flashcards
(39 cards)
What causes chickenpox?
varicella-zoster (herpes-zoster) virus
what is the incubation period for chickenpox?
14-21 days
how does chickenpox spread?
by droplets and the airborne route
what are the clinical features of chickenpox?
ulcers
rash - papules, vesicles, pestules, scabs
cervical lymphadenitis
fever
malaise, irritability, unable to eat
how long is the recovery period for chickenpox?
2-3 weeks
the chickenpox virus stays in your body once you’ve had it, where does it stay?
It lives dormant in the trigeminal ganglion
If the viarcella-zoster virus is reactivated what disease can be caught?
shingles
what nerve can shingles affect in the long term?
trigeminal -as virus travels down this nerve
what are the clinical symptoms of shingles?
unilateral symptoms that present on same side that nerve was effected
pain
rash
mouth ulcers
ramsay hunt syndrome (rarely)
why is shingles more painful than chickenpox?
as it involves nerves
what is the treatment for shingles?
analgesics and aciclovir
(doesn’t treat but prevents long term neuralgia)
what is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
oral disease caused by herpes simplex 1 virus, whereas herpes simplex 2 is associated with genital herpes
what are the features of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
fever
malaise
cervical lymphadenopathy
painful, erythematous and swollen gingiva
multiple tiny vesicles on the perioral skin, vermillion border of lips and oral mucosa
when is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis most common?
between 6mths and 6 yrs old - often mistaken for teething
where does primary herpetic gingivostamatitis live in the body?
trigeminal ganglion - may come back
what is an obvious clinical sign you have been exposed to the primary herpetic gingivostomatitis virus?
cold sores
when do primary herpetic gingivostomatitis lesions heal?
spontaneous healing - 1-2 wks
what are the complications of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
recurrent secondary infections
herpes labialis
intra-oral ulceration
herpetic whitlow
eye infection
what is hand foot and mouth disease caused by?
coxackie ‘a” virus
when does hand foot and mouth disease usually occur?
in epidemics in children <5 yrs old
what are the symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease?
multiple macules and paules on feet, toes, hands and fingers
vesicles and ulcers
how long do hand foot and mouth lesions typically take to resolve?
within 2 weeks
what are mumps?
viral infection of salivary glands caused by the mumps virus
why are mumps rarely seen now a days?
due to the MMR (mumps, measles and rubella) vaccine
