CHILDHOOD DISEASES Flashcards
DESCRIBE CHICKENPOX (5)
- caused by the varicella-zoster virus
- usually seen in children
- highly contagious
- sub-clinical - incubation 14-21 days
- spreads readily by droplets and the airborne route
what are the clinical features of CHICKENPOX(6)
- ulcers - a hole in the lining in the epithelium (lots of diff types of ulcers)
- a rash (papules, vesicles, pustules, scabs)
- cervical lymphadenitis (swollen lymph nodes in the neck)
- fever
- malaise, irritability, anorexia (UNABLE TO EAT NOT AN EATING DISORDER!!!)
- usually a single episode but second milder forms can arise
what are some complications of chickenpox (3)
- same virus can cause different diseases in adults (secondary to chicken pox)
- shingles is the reactivated form of chickenpox
- chickenpox lives in the trigeminal ganglion (it is a VIRUS)
DESCRIBE SHINGLES (4)
- PAIN…. before, with and after
- RASH…. unilateral vesiculating then scabbing
- MOUTH ULCERS….. mandibular zoster - ipsilateral on buccal and lingual mucosa , maxillary zoster - ipsilateral on palate and vestibule
- RARELY RAMSAY HUNT SYNDROME
treatment of shingles
- analgesics and aciclovir (viral medication)
what is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (5)
- an oral disease caused by initial infection with the herpes simplex virus
- fever, malaise, and cervical lymphadenopathy …. gen occur first
- characterised by painful and swollen gums and multiple vesicles on the skin around mouth/lips and oral mucosa
- most common on 6month-6y/os
- can often be mistaken for teething
what are some of the complications of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (5)
- recurrent secondary infections
- herpes labialis
- IO ulceration
- herpetic whitlow??? (infection of the skin around your fingernail)
- eye infections
what is hand foot and mouth disease (8)
- it is caused by a COXACKIE virus
- usually occurs in epidemics in children less than 5
- oral lesions = painful (tiny white dot in the middle)
- vesicles and ulcers
- occur anywhere in the mouth
- multiple macules and papules on feet, toes, hands and fingers (think hand foot and mouth)
- lesions resolve within 2 weeks
- VIRUS IS IN THE VESICLES, IF THEY BURST AND THE LIQUID IS LEFT ON THE SURFACE THEN IT IS EASILY CONTAMINATED
DESCRIBE FEATURES OF MUMPS (5)
- it is a viral infection of the salivary glands
- caused by the mumps virus rarely other viruses!
- incubation of 14-21 days
- painful swelling
- most commonly bilateral swelling of parotid glands - in men it is there gonads. if these do become badly infected it can make them infertile.
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF MEASLES (6)
- highly contagious
- systemic symptoms and a skin rash
- 10-14 days incubation period
- high risk of bacterial complications
- measles can affect the lungs - want to treat this ASAP
- can get spots called koplik’s spots - these are small red MACULES with white necrotic centres, may occur in oral cavity.
DESCRIBE FEATURES OF RUBELLA (6)
- highly infectious
- usually a mild viral disease
- spread by droplet infection
- incubation period of 14-21 days
- rash on the face, behind the ears, mild fever, sore throat and enlarged lymph nodes.
- CAN SERIOUSLY KILL/HATM A FOETUS - we dont want to be near a woman that is pregnant as it could cross the placenta and damage the foetus
DESCRIBE FEATURES OF HERPANGINA (5)
- caused by a cocksackie virus
- characterised by vesicles appearing on the soft palate along with…
- fever, malaise, sore throat, difficulty in swallowing
- usually mild to moderate
- resolves within a week
where can we see Koplik’s spots in people with measles?
we can see these in the buccal mucosa around the region of the back molars. - a SMALL RED LINE WITH WHITE CENTRES
WHAT can some childhood diseases cause…
FEBRILE ILLNESSES - high temperature
what can febrile illness within a child cause
ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA - less growth in enamel
- enamel hypoplasia results from a disturbance of/damage to the ameloblasts during enamel matrix formation - AMELOBLASTS ARE ONE OF THE MOST SENSITIVE CELL GROUPS IN THE BODY
