Childhood disorders

Question 1

neurological findings in autistic children

Answer 1

enlargement in temporal lobe
frontal & occipital increase in the surface area
impairment in the connectivity in the brain
neurotransmitters have a role
though serotonin & epinephrine & dopamine are under research at this time

Question 2

physiological findings in autistic children

Answer 2

fragile X
maternal rubella
congenital hypothyroidism
PKU 
down syndrome

Question 3

perinatal influences in autistic children

Answer 3

mom suffered from asthma & allergies

theory: mom having the flu during pregnancy

Question 4

clinical picture for autistic children. their impairment in communication and imaginative activity are shown in what 5 ways

Answer 4

both verbal & non-verbal affected
language may not be present
utterances
inappropriate/absent facial expressions
cannot imaginative play

Question 5

childhood disorder in which child is fascinated with ceiling fans

Answer 5

autistic

Question 6

3 characteristics of autistic children

Answer 6

1. repetitive body movements/words (sways back and forth)
2. adherence to routine with diet
3. head banging/bites

Question 7

what can you do to an autistic child while he is banging his head against the wall?

Answer 7

divert his attention

Question 8

2 drugs: autism

Answer 8

Risperdal

Abilify

Question 9

what do the drugs in autistic children help with?

Answer 9

aggression
self-injury
temper tantrums

Question 10

ADHD criteria

Answer 10

at least 6 symptoms for at least 6 months

Question 11

2 issues with ADHD

Answer 11

inattention and hypersensitivity

Question 12

biochemical issue found in ADHD

Answer 12

decreased dopamine and decreased epinephrine

Question 13

ADHD have prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal influences, name them (8)

Answer 13

smoking
FAS
Premature
fetal distress
prolonged labor
low APGAR
cerebral palsy
epilepsy

Question 14

environmental findings in ADHD

Answer 14

exposure to lead

Question 15

diet in ADHD

Answer 15

Feingolds

Question 16

psychosocial influences: ADHD

Answer 16

stress in child
mom: mental d/o
dad: criminal
child: foster care
alcoholism in family

Question 17

theory behind giving stimulants to ADHD children

Answer 17

wear them out in the AM and sleep better at PM

Question 18

meds: ADHD

Answer 18

dexadrine (dextroamphetamine sulfate)
Adderall (dextroamphetamine/amphetamine)
Ritalin/Concerta (methylphenidate)
Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)
Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine)

Question 19

SNRI in ADHD

Answer 19

strattera (atomoxetine)

Question 20

Strattera action in ADHD

Answer 20

increases norepinephrine

Question 21

Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonist in ADHD

Answer 21

Intuniv (Guanfacine)

Question 22

what value must you have before administering Intuniv (Guanfacine)?

Answer 22

BP

Question 23

SE: stimulants

Answer 23

wt loss
palpitations
tachycardia
overstimulation
insomnia
tolerance, dependence
seizures
new/worsen psychotic symptoms

Question 24

SE: strattera

Answer 24

palpitations
anorexia
wt loss N/V
constipation
liver damage

Question 25

what value do you have when administering strattera

Answer 25

liver enzymes

Question 26

what must you watch for in the patient when using strattera?

Answer 26

worsen already present psychotic symptoms

Question 27

SE: Intuniv (guanfacine)

Answer 27

constipation dry mouth block sns causes sedation rebound syndrome if abruptly withdrawn

Question 28

what medication must you look out for rebound syndrome?

Answer 28

Intuniv (Guanfacine)

Question 29

children dx with conduct disorder often have parents with what kind of personality?

Answer 29

antisocial

Question 30

shifting of parenteral figures, large family sizes, absent father are characteristics one might find when dx a child with what disorder?

Answer 30

conduct disorder

Question 31

childhood onset type and adolescent onset type

Answer 31

conduct disorder

Question 32

peer rejection and parental rejection occur in what childhood disorder?

Answer 32

conduct disorder

Question 33

family influences for conduct disorder

Answer 33

parental rejection/inconsistency

Question 34

genetics, temperament, and biochemical factors for conduct disorders

Answer 34

specific chromosomes at age 3, child has a very challenging temperament norepinephrine & serotonin and testosterone are high

Question 35

conduct d/o criteria

Answer 35

1 criteria in last 6 months and 3 or more in the last 12 months

Question 36

age of conduct d/o children

Answer 36

13 years or younger

Question 37

family influences in ODD

Answer 37

parents have a px with limit setting and discipline defiant themselves absent parents

Question 38

ODD criteria

Answer 38

4 or more in the last 6 months

Question 39

ODD s&S

Answer 39

``` negative hostile loses temper argues with adults/authority figures annoys people angry revengeful blames others for their mistakes/never their fault ```

Question 40

tourette's d/o

Answer 40

never tic free for more than 3 months

Question 41

onset for tourettes

Answer 41

before age 18

Question 42

common tics for tourettes

Answer 42

``` facial grimacing shoulder shrugging hopping deep knee bends twirling retracing their steps ```

Question 43

meds for tourettes

Answer 43

haldol | clonidine

Question 44

separation anxiety d/o criteria

Answer 44

3 or more symptoms for at least 4 weeks and under 18 years

Question 45

s&s separation anxiety

Answer 45

``` clingy terrified of being away from item/person worry losing figure fear of being alone worry about an event that will lead to separation refusal to go to sleep nightmares physical symptoms association with separation ```