Childhood Disorders

Question 1

Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (3)

Answer 1

1. restricted repertoire of activities, repeated routine
2. impaired verbal/nonverbal communication, lots of imagination
3. impaired social interactions, adverse response to extra stimuli

Question 2

Childhood disintegrative disorder (3)

Answer 2

Requires impairment in at least 2/3 areas:

1. social interaction/nonverbal behaviors, peer relationships, social reciprocity
2. communication. delay of speech. unable to initiate or sustain conversation. repetitive use of language
3. restricted, reptitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and mannerisms

Question 3

Asperger’s disorder

Answer 3

1. impaired social interaction
2. restricted patters
3. NO delay in language
4. NO cognitive delay

Question 4

Pica

Answer 4

eating non-nutritive substances (like dirt) for at least one month

Question 5

Rumination disorder

Answer 5

1. mentally retarded children (3months-1 year) or bulimic
2. period of normal function and then
3. child regurgitates/rechews food
4. does this for satisfaction..

Question 6

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Answer 6

1. emotionally withdrawn behavior towards caregivers
2. persistent social and emotional disturbance
3. risk factor: child has experienced pattern of extremes of insufficient care

Question 7

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Answer 7

1. child actively approaches unfamiliar adults
2. risk factor: child has experienced pattern of extremes of insufficient care
3. child has developmental level >12 months

Question 8

ADD/ADHD

Answer 8

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

Question 9

Disruptive, Impulse control

Answer 9

1. cannot self-control emotion and behavior
2. child manifestation of antisocial personality disorder
3. ADHD is comorbidity

Question 10

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation

Answer 10

extreme lack of behavior control in a persistent way (not episodic) with irritability (whereas bipolar is episodic)

Question 11

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Answer 11

child must be at least 6 yrs of age. similar to dysruptive mood dysregulation

Question 12

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Answer 12

1. angry/irritable mood
2. argumentative/defiant
3. vindictive (revengeful)

Question 13

Conduct Disorder:

• child onset must have at least one behavior before 10 yrs old
• adolescent onset means no behaviors prior to 10 yrs old

Answer 13

1. Aggression
2. Destruction of Property
3. Decietful/theft
4. Serious violation of rules
5. limited prosocial emotions
6. lack of guilt/empathy
7. lack of concern over performance
8. shallow affect

Question 14

Separation anxiety disorder

Answer 14

1. repeated distress when separated from home or major figure
2. worry about losing or harm befalling major figure
3. refuse to go to school or places bc of fear of separation
4. fearful to be alone
5. can’t sleep unless near major figure
6. nightmares of separation
7. physical complaints (headache, stomachache) when separation is anticipated

Question 15

Encopresis

Answer 15

Feces are passed into inappropriate places at least once a month

Question 16

Enuresis

Answer 16

nighttime urine accidents in children who are 5 yrs or older

Question 17

Tourette’s syndrome

Answer 17

multiple motor and/or vocal tics

Question 18

Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder characteristics of the tics:

Answer 18

involuntary, sudden, ejaculatory, recurrent, repetitive, non-rhythmic/interval, purposeless

Question 19

Child Depressive Disorder

5 behavioral, 4 mood

Answer 19

anhedonia
depressed mood
hopeless, worthless
angry, defiant, irritable
stomachaches and headaches
decreased energy
social withdrawal
low grades and missing school

Question 20

IQ range for mild and moderate impairment

Answer 20

mild: 50-70
moderate: 35-50

Question 21

3 mechanisms of Down’s

Answer 21

1. trisomy 21
2. nondisjunction -> mosaicism
3. translocation 15:21

Question 22

what age of mother does risk of Down’s of child start to increase?

Answer 22

32+ years

Question 23

progression of Down’s

Answer 23

relatively normal for first 6-12 months

all downhill from there, decline of IQ, marked deterioriation by 30s to 40s (brain degenerates similar to Alzheimer’s)

Question 24

typical phenotype for children with fragile x syndrome

Answer 24

large long head and ears
short height
hyperextensible joints
macroorchidism
retardation
choromosomal abnormality

Question 25

Fetal alcohol syndrome:

Answer 25

1. ADHD, learning disorders and even mental retardation 2. facial dysmorphism (flk) 3. cardiac defects

Question 26

Genetic relation in autism risk for first degree relatives monozygotic vs dizygotic twins

Answer 26

50x greater in first degree relative | monozygotic 3x more likely than dizygotic