Childhood Influence On Relationships

Question 1

What 3 behavioural systems did shaver et al define?

Answer 1

1) Sexuality
2) Care-giving
3) Attachment

Question 2

Attachment can be linked to…?

Answer 2

The concepts of the internal working model

Question 3

What does the internal working model do?

Answer 3

Set the standard for future adult relationships

Question 4

What did shaver et al define care-giving as?

Answer 4

The knowledge about caring for other people, learnt by modelling the behaviour of our caregiver

Question 5

What is the sexuality system?

Answer 5

The system that suggests that our childhood attachment type plays a role in our opinions on adult relationships

Question 6

Which type of attachment type in childhood makes it more likely for adults to see sex without love as pleasurable?

Answer 6

Insecure-avoidant

Question 7

Can out interaction with peers influence our adult relationships?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Who proposed that our peer relations in childhood influence adult relationships?

Answer 8

Qualter et al

Question 9

“Our close childhood friends are important for self value” true or false?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Internalisation of specific childhood experiences can result in what?

Answer 10

The development of a sense of over-value which influences how they approach later adult relationships

Question 11

What did Nangle et al find?

Answer 11

Evidence to support the importance of ‘good’ childhood friends on adult relationships.

Question 12

What was suggested by Nangle’s findings?

Answer 12

That we learn essential skills from these friendships that allow us to form good secure relationships later on, these friendships in childhood are referred to as a training ground for adult relationships.

Question 13

Nangle characterised these skills on what three things?

Answer 13

1) Alliance
2) Intimacy
3) Affection

Question 14

Who carried out a meta-analysis on research into childhood influence on adult relationships?

Answer 14

Fraley et al

Question 15

What did Fraley et al find?

Answer 15

A positive correlation between early attachment types and attachment types in adulthood

Question 16

What did Fraley’s findings support?

Answer 16

The idea that out childhood plays a key role in determining the type of adult relationship an individual has.

Question 17

What did Simpson et al’s supporting study show?

Answer 17

The significance of early attachment types on our experiences as an adult

Question 18

Which study was longitudinal, carried out over 25 years?

Answer 18

Simpson et al

Question 19

How many participants were in Simpson et al’s study?

Answer 19

78 participants

Question 20

Which 4 key points of development were Simpson’s participants assessed at?

Answer 20

1) Infancy
2) Childhood (between ages 6-8)
3) Adolescence
4) Adulthood

Question 21

Children who were securely attached in infancy were rated higher in what? And had more friends when? More close friends when and more emotional relationships when?

Answer 21

Rated higher in social competence

Had more friends by age 6-8, and more close friendships at 16, more emotional relationships in adulthood

Question 22

Strengths of Simpson et al’s study?

Answer 22

It has a prospective design so observers could directly assess behaviour without reliance on retrospective self-report

Question 23

What is negative about retrospective self-report?

Answer 23

As we know memories can be changed with misleading information and can be influenced by our current state of mind. They could also have forgotten.

Question 24

What did Schneider er al highlight?

Answer 24

The gender differences within childhood influence, as he suggested that girls made more intimate female friends in childhood and boys were more likely to compete with each other

Question 25

What do Schneider's gender differences link to?

Answer 25

The evolutionary perspective of inter-sexual selection (competition between the same gender) and intra-sexual selection (when females choose males and vice versa)

Question 26

Erwin et al found that Schneider's results were reliable and over simplified - true or false?

Answer 26

False. Erwin et al found that Schneider's results were over emphasised and unreliable.

Question 27

Evaluate the studies into childhood influence on adult relationships?

Answer 27

Most studies based in this area are correlation studies This means the independent variable may not be the cause, extraneous variables may be the cause Cause and effect can not be established

Question 28

Evaluate the theory of childhood influence on romantic adult relationships?

Answer 28

Can be considered reductionist as it does not take into account other influential factors such as the temperament hypothesis which suggests we are the way we are despite attachment type, caregiving and sexuality

Question 29

Name a possible extraneous variable that may have had an effect on adult relationships?

Answer 29

Any life change such as: moving to another country, deaths or breakdown of relationships

Question 30

What did shaver et al propose?

Answer 30

The idea that we get our experiences of love in adulthood for an integration of 3 behavioural systems.