Children and Pragmatics Post Flashcards
At what age do infants begin to fixate on faces 22% of the time?
3-5 weeks
By 7 weeks, this increases to 87.5% of the time.
What is the role of child-directed speech in infants’ face scanning?
Increases the amount of face scanning at 7 weeks and older.
What is Coordinated Interpersonal Timing in infants?
Infants initiate and maintain eye-contact in response to caregiver’s vocalizations.
What are the different functions of caregiver vocalizations?
- Soothe
- Convey emotion
- Elicit attention
- Make infants smile
What is pragmatics in language development?
Need to do things with language (e.g., request, tease, persuade, share and conceal).
What are the stages of the request trajectory according to Halliday (1975)?
- Prelinguistic directive
- Telegraphic Directive
- Limited Routines
- Embedded Request
- Advanced Embedding
- Hints
- Elaborate Strategies
What do picture books and games provide in language learning?
Ritualized contexts for language learning.
What is scaffolding in language development?
Providing challenges that are one-step-ahead.
What is the significance of pointing in infants?
Begins at 8-13 months and involves shared experience and common knowledge.
What are the types of pointing behaviors?
- Proto-imperative
- Proto-declarative
- Informative
- To question
What is social referencing in the context of pointing?
Drawing attention to something and reading the emotions of the caregiver.
What are the types of gestures used by infants?
- Emotive
- Symbolic
- Emphatic
- Ritualization
- Iconic
- Conventional
- Deictic
What is hinting in pragmatic language use?
Understanding context and intention of the speaker beyond literal statements.
What is the difference between idioms and hints?
Idioms rely more on social context and intention of the speaker.
How do children learn sarcasm and irony?
By recognizing the breaking of social norms.
What are the two components of teasing?
- Intentional provocation of a response
- Non-verbal markers distinguishing intended meaning
What is the Pivot in conversation?
When someone goes off-topic instead of addressing the current topic.
What difficulties are associated with Social Communication Disorder?
- Making inferences
- Understanding implied meanings
- Greeting people
- Understanding nonverbal communication
What characterizes early storytelling in children?
First-person, event-oriented, prompted or scaffolded by adults.
What is the importance of conversational skills in children?
Sustaining topics, making informative utterances, and keeping conversations going.
