Children development and Children with Special Needs Flashcards
What is child development?
The process by which each child evolves from infancy to childhood
Parts of development
Gross motor skills Fine motor skills Speech and language Social, personal, ADL Performance and cognition
What does GDD stand for?
Global developmental delay
What is developmental delay?
When functional aspects of the child’s development in one or more domains are significantly delayed compared to the expected level for age
Primary care assessment tools of developmental delay
ASQ (ages and stages questionnaire)
PEDS (parent evaluation of developmental status)
M-CHAT (checking for autism in toddlers)
SOGS-2 (schedule of growing skills)
Types of developmental delay
Global
Isolated
What is regression?
Loss of milestones
Secondary care assessment tools for developmental delay
Griffths mental developmental scales
Bayley scales of infant development
Wechsler preschool and primary scales of intellegence
Examination of potential developmental delay
Head circumference Dysmorphic features Skin abnormalities Movement quality Ability to sit and stand from supine Eye movements and eye exam General exams; CVS, Resp Abdo exam Observation of behaviour
Presentation of Fragile X syndrome
LD prominent ears enlarged testicles delayed development ovarian syndrome
Red Flag positive signs
Loss of developmental skills Concerns re vision Concerns re hearing Floppiness No speech by 18-24 months Asymmetry of movement Persistent toe walking > 3 yrs Head circumference > 99.6th C or < 0.4th C
Red flag negative signs
Sit unsupported by 12 months
Walk by 18 months (boys) or 2 years (girls); check creatinine kinase
Run by 2.5 y/o
Hold objects in hand by 5 months
Reach for objects by 6 months
Points to objects to share interest by 2 years
Investigations for child developmental problems (depending on what they need)
Timing Genetic testing - chromosomal analysis, fragile X, FISH, array CGH Creatinine kinase Thyroid screening Metabolic testing Audiology assessment Ophthalmological exam Consider congenital infection Neuroimaging
When is a child or young person said to have ‘additional support needs’?
If they need additional support with their education
Examples of reasons for additional support needs
Difficulties with mainsteam approach to learning
Disability or health needs, such as motor or sensory impairment, LD or ASD
Family circumstances e.g. young people who are carers or parents
