Children's Health and Health Promotion Flashcards
What is health promotion?
Any planned activity designed to enhance health and prevent disease.
Overarching principle/ activity which enhances health and includes disease prevention, health education and health protection. May be planned or opportunistic.
e. g.
- Advertisement about benefits of a healthy lifestyle
- Pictures of persuasion e.g. smoking kills pictures
What is WHO health definition?
The state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease.
What is health affected by?
- Genetics
- Access
- Environment
- Lifestyle
What are the three theories of health promotion?
- Educational
- Socioeconomic
- Psychological
What is health education and examples of it?
An activity involving communication with individuals/ groups aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in a direction which is conductive to improvements in health.
e. g.
- Statistical posters and leaflets informing about illness e.g. lung cancer, STI, alcohol units
- Understanding risks of conditions/ disease (e.g. ways to quit smoking)
What is health protection?
It involves collective activities directed at factors which are beyond control of individual. Health protection activities tend to be regulation or policies or voluntary codes of practice aimed at the prevention of ill health or the positive enhancement of wellbeing.
E.g.
- SNP council house motion
- Laws around smoking packages
- Food labelling
- Health and safety
- Alcohol taxing
- Sick notes
- Power of attorney
What is empowerment and what is the benefits of it?
It refers to generation of power in those individuals and groups which previously considered themselves to be unable to control situation nor act on basis of their choices
The benefits:
- Ability to resist to social pressure
- Ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment
- Heightened consciousness of action
What are the two ways health promotion can achieved in primary care?
- Planned
- Posters. e.g. about lung cancer, STI, alcohol units
- Chronic disease clinics
- Vaccinations - Opportunistic
- Advice within surgery
- Smoking, diet
- Taking BP
What are the three ways health promotion can achieved by the Government?
- Legislation
- Legal age limits
- Smoking ban
- Health and safety
- Clean air act
- Highway code - Economic
- Tax on cigarettes and alcohol
- Sugar tax - Education
- Ask students to recall adverts they’ve seen
What is primary prevention?
Measures taken to prevent onset of illness and injury and reduces probability and severity of an illness (before onset of symptoms and reduces chance something will happen)
What are two primary prevention measures in primary care?
- Smoking cessation
2. Immunisation
What is secondary prevention?
Detection of a disease at an early (preclinical) stage in order to cure, prevent or lessen symptomatology.
E.g. Screening
What is Wilson’s Criteria for screening?
- Illness: should be important, natural history understood, pre-symptomatic stage
- Test: should be easy, acceptable, cost effective, sensitive and specific
- Treatment: should be acceptable, cost effective, better if early
What are the types of screening test available on the NHS?
- CF
- Bowel cancer
- Breast cancer
- Cervical cancer
- Antenatal screening
- Hearing screening in infants
- Abdominal aortic aneurys in men over 65
- Diabetic retinopathy
Antenatal and newborn tests:
- Foetal anomaly USS
- Down’s
- Infectious disease in pregnancy - CF (heel prick test)
- Sickle cell test
What is tertiary prevention?
Measures to limit distress or disability caused by disease
e.g. motor neurone disease, OA OT, physio, care manager
