Children's Phonological Development Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is plosive?
A plosive involves a complete closure in the vocal tract, blocking airflow, followed by a sudden release, creating an explosive sound.
Can you provide three examples of plosive consonant sounds in English?
Examples include /p/ as in ‘pat,’ /t/ as in ‘tap,’ and /k/ as in ‘cat.’
What is a fricative?
A fricative is produced by narrowing the vocal tract, causing turbulent airflow and creating a continuous hissing or buzzing sound.
Can you provide three examples of fricative consonant sounds in English?
Examples include /f/ as in ‘fan,’ /s/ as in ‘sip,’ and /ʃ/ as in ‘ship.’
What type of sounds do children use first, according to Pamela Grunwell’s sequence of phonological acquisition?
Bilabial plosives like /b/ and /d/
What sounds do children acquire latest, according to Grunwell’s sequence?
Fricatives such as ʒ, ð, θ.
What is the primary difference between voiced and voiceless consonant sounds?
Voiced consonants involve vibration of the vocal cords during production, while voiceless consonants do not.
Can you provide a pair of voiced and voiceless fricative consonants in English?
The voiceless /f/ as in ‘fine’ and the voiced /v/ as in ‘vine.’
What is a phoneme?
The smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish words from one another.
How are phonemes broadly categorised in English?
Into consonants and vowels.
What distinguishes a consonant phoneme from a vowel phoneme?
Consonant phonemes involve some degree of airflow obstruction in the vocal tract, while vowel phonemes are produced with an open vocal tract, allowing unobstructed airflow.
Define ‘place of articulation’ in relation to consonant phonemes.
The location in the mouth where airflow is constricted during the production of a consonant sound, such as the lips, teeth, or alveolar ridge.
What is ‘manner of articulation’ concerning consonant sounds?
The way in which airflow is obstructed or modified during the production of a consonant, such as through complete closure (plosives) or partial closure (fricatives).
Define ‘diphthongs’.
Complex vowel sounds that begin with one vowel quality and glide into another within the same syllable, such as the sound in ‘coin.’
How many phonemes are there in the English language?
There are 44 phonemes in English, comprising both consonant and vowel sounds.
What role do phonemes play in distinguishing meaning between words?
Changing a single phoneme in a word can alter its meaning, as in the difference between ‘bat’ and ‘pat,’ where the initial phonemes /b/ and /p/ distinguish the two words.
Define the babbling stage in children’s phonological development.
A stage where infants produce repetitive consonant-vowel combinations, such as ‘bababa’ or ‘dadada,’ typically occurring around 6 to 9 months.
What is reduplicated babbling?
Repetition of the same syllable, like ‘mamama.’
What is variegated babbling?
Babbling that combines different syllables, such as ‘bamada.’
At what age do children typically start producing their first words?
Around 12 months.
What is phonemic expansion?
The stage where infants increase the variety of sounds they produce during babbling.
What is phonemic contraction?
The process by which infants reduce the number of sounds they use, focusing on those present in their native language.
Define ‘phonological simplification’ in early speech.
Strategies used by children to simplify complex words, making them easier to pronounce.
What is ‘deletion’ in phonological development?
Omitting the final consonant in words, e.g., saying ‘ca’ instead of ‘cat.’
