Children's Spoken Language Acquisition Flashcards
(48 cards)
What theory was proposed by JEAN PIAGET?
Cognitive Theory
What 4 stages did he say that children progressed through?
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2yrs), Preoperational Stage (2yrs-7yrs), Concrete Operational Stage (7yrs-11yrs), Formal Operational Stage (12+yrs)
Name 3 features of the Sensorimotor Stage.
Learning about the world through movements and sensory experiences (Licking, Grabbing, listening etc), Learning object permanence, Learning that they are a unique personal individual, learning that they can manipulate the world around them.
Name 3 features of the Preoperational Stage.
Egocentricity, Learning through play, learning to think symbolically.
Name 3 features of the Concrete Operational Stage.
Ego centrism starts to disappear, Individualistic thinking, more adept at using logic.
Name 3 features of the Formal Operational Stage.
Abstract thinking, reasoning, Moral/philosophical/political thought.
Define SCHEMA.
A category of knowledge.
What does it mean to ASSIMILATE new information into a SCHEMA.
It means to put new information into a certain category of knowledge (Eg. a child finds out cars come in red as well as blue, so they add red cars to their “Car” schema.)
What does it mean to ACCOMMODATE for new information into a schema.
It means to change the framework of the schema in light of new information (Eg. Both cats and tigers are in the “Cat” schema, but a child finds out that they aren’t quite the same, so they change the framework of the schema.)
Who proposed Behaviorism?
B.F Skinner
Define OPERANT CONDITIONING.
To enforce a child’s actions through a system of reward and punishment.
Define POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT.
To offer rewards or incentives to strengthen desired behaviours (Eg. a child is bought a new toy for cleaning their room.)
Define NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT.
To remove unpleasant or undesirable stimulus after a behaviour to increase its frequency (Eg. Because a child cleans their room, the amount of chores they are given is reduced.)
How does Behaviourism (B.F Skinner) oppose Nativism (Noam Chomsky)
While Nativism proposes that children brains contain a Language Acquisition Device (LAD) that makes language learning INHERENT,Behaviourism proposes that language is LEARNT BEHAVIOUR.
Who proposed Social Interaction Theory?
Jerome Bruner
What did Bruner believe?
That children have an innate ability to learn language, however this requires direct contact and interaction to achieve full fluency (Opposes Nativism)
What is CDS?
Child Directed Speech - The way a persons linguistic categorisations alter when speaking to an infant or toddler (Exaggerated intonation, higher pitch range, long pauses, etc.)
What is an LASS?
Language Acquisition Support System - A network of adults or MKO’s that interact with a young child, aiding in their linguistic develops.
Define MKO.
More Knowledgeable Other - Anybody with a stronger knowledge of language than the child.
Who proposed Nativism?
Noam Chomsky
What is SCAFFOLDING?
A framework put in place to support the learning progression of a child, taken away when the child has mastered the concepts being taught.
What is an LAD?
Language Acquisition Device - A proposed element of the brain said to aid children in deciphering grammatical structures, implying language is innate.
What test supports Nativism?
The Wug Test
What is proposed in Vygotskys Social Development Approach?
That children have a Zone of Proximal Development when learning, where they are consistently applying a rule WITH HELP.
