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Chile Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

When did Pais first come to Chile?

A

1550s, via Peru

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2
Q

When did Chile declare independence from Spain? Under whose leadership?

A

1818

Bernardo O’Higgins, son of an Irish-born Spaniard

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3
Q

Who is credited with bringing some of the first French vine cuttings into Chile? When?

A

Claude Gay

1830s

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4
Q

Who is referred to as the Father of Modern Chilean Winemaking? Why?

A

Silvestre Ochagavia
He visited Bdx and brought back the first Box vine cuttings in 1851, when he founded Ochagavia winery, Chile’s first modern winery.

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5
Q

What is Chile’s oldest winery still in operation today? When was it founded?

A

Viña Ochagavia

1851

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6
Q

Name three Chilean wineries founded in the 1800s

A 
Viña Ochagavia 1851
Cousiño Macul 1856
Viña San Pedro 1865
Viña Errazuriz 1870
Santa Carolina 1875
Santa Rita 1880
Concha y Toro 1883
Undurraga 1885
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7
Q

Who is South America’s largest vineyard holder? How many ha do the own?

A

Concha y Toro

9,000 ha total, some of it in Argentina

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8
Q

What is considered a “small” and “medium” sized winery in Chile?

A

100,000 cases is small

one million is medium

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9
Q

What slowed Chilean wine production in early 20th century?

A

World war, economic depression, temperance movement.

Anti-alcohol law from 1938-73 set production quotas and limited planting. Effectively kept prices high for low quality.

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10
Q

How did Pinochet affect the Chilean wine industry? When was he in power?

A

He reformed and liberalized the free market, allowing wineries to become competitive again. But his policies also increased economic inequality.
1973-1990.

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11
Q

Who is credited with modernizing Chile’s wine industry? When? Where are they based?

A

Miquel Torres (from Priorat)
1979
Curico

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12
Q

What were some of the first Chilean foreign investment projects, with dates.

A 
Los Vascos 1988
Vina Aquitania 1990
Lapostolle 1994
Sena 1995
Almaviva 1997
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13
Q

Who owns Vina Aquitania? Where is it?

A 
Bruno Prats (formerly of Cos d'Estournel) and Paul Pontallier (current managing director of Cht Margaux).
Maipo
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14
Q

Who owns Los Vascos?

A

Domaine Barons de Rothschild-Lafite

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15
Q

Name some Burgundy producer’s projects in Chile

A 
William Fevre (William Fevre Chile)
Martin Prieur (consults for Cono Sur)
Louis-Michel Liger-Belair (Aristos w Pedro Parra)
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16
Q

What does MOVI stand for? When was it started?

A

Movimiento de Vinateros Independientes

2009

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17
Q

How many members did MOVI start with? How many are there now?
Name 3 members

A 
12
More than 24
Garage Wine Co.
Montsecano
Kingston
Von Siebenthal
Sigla
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18
Q

What are the requirements of MOVI?

A
  • Small, quality oriented
  • make wine on a human scale
  • craft wine to reflect a particular vision
  • Not be a Fortune 500 company or an economic company
  • Only owners and/or winemakers can pour at tastings
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19
Q

What are the 5 geographic sectors of Chile?

A 
Norte Grande
Norte Chico
Zona Central
Zona Sur
Zona Austral
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20
Q

What are the mountains ranges of Chile?

A

Cordilleras de la Costa (Coastal Range)

Andes

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21
Q

When did Chile begin their Denomination de Origen (DO) system?

A

enacted in 1994

in effect in 1995

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22
Q

What is the name of the oceanic influence of Chile?

A

The Humboldt Current

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23
Q

What are the types of DOs in Chile, largest to smallest

A

Region
Subregion
Zone
Area

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24
Q

What grape cannot appear on a chilean DO label?

A

Pais (maybe?)

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25
What major changes in Chilean wine law happened in 2012?
Atacama and Austral were added as regions | Costa, Entre Cordilleras and Andes divisions were created
26
If labeled with a geographical division (Costa, Andes, Entre Cordilleras) what percentage of the grapes must come from said division?
85%
27
What is the most planted grape in Chile?
Cabernet Sauvignon (occupies about 1/3 of total vineyard area
28
When did Carmenere get "discovered" in Chile?
1994 by Jean-Michel Boursiquotat Vina Carmen in Maipo (coincidental name)
29
Why did Carmenere not get replanted in Bdx post-phylloxera?
It doesn't graft well
30
Name a synonym for Carmenere
Grand Vidure
31
What is the parentage of Carmenere?
Cabernet Franc x Gros Cabernet
32
What is the parentage of Gros Cabernet?
Fer x Hondurrabi Beltza
33
When is Carmenere typically harvested in Chile?
May, 2-3 weeks after CS
34
Name two varietal bottling of Carmenere.
Errazuriz Kai | Concha y Toro Carmin de Peumo
35
What are some top areas for Carmenere?
Peumo in Cachapoal | Apart and Los Lingues in Colchagua
36
What is the average rainfall in Atacama?
15 mm
37
What is a pergola called in Chile?
Parron
38
Name 3 grapes used in Chilean Pisco
``` Moscatel (Alexandria) Moscatel Rosado Moscatel de Austria (Torrontes Sanjuanino) Torontel Pedro Jimenez ```
39
What is another name and the parentage of Torontel?
Moscatel Amarillo | Pais x Muscat of Alexandria
40
What are the subregions of Atacama DO?
Valle de Copiapo DO | Valle del Huasco DO
41
What are the subregions of Coquimbo DO? North to south.
Elqui Valley DO Limari Valley DO Choapa Valley DO
42
What are the areas of Valle del Elqui DO?
La Serena DO (Costa) Vicuña DO (Andes) Paiguano DO (Andes)
43
What is the highest growing region in Chile? How high does it go?
Valle del Elqui | Vineyards are planted up to 2,200 meters`
44
What ret he major grapes of Elqui DO?
Syrah in the east Pedro Jimenez (mostly for Pisco) SB
45
Where in Chile can you find Calcareous soil?
Valle del Limari DO | Red clay atop limestone, similar to Coonawarra
46
Name the areas of Valle del Limari DO
``` Ovalle DO (Costa) Monte Patria DO (Andes) Punitaqui DO (EC) Rio Hurtado DO (Andes) ```
47
What allows Limari to be a cooler climate region?
Coastal influence, not elevation Comanchaca Fog Northern gap in the Coastal Range at the Tongoy Bay Smaller opening in the west where Limari River meets the ocean
48
What is the only Costa appellation of Limari?
Ovalle DO
49
What is the most planted variety of Limari DO?
Chardonnay | all that limestone...
50
What is the least important region of Coquimbo DO?
Choapa DO
51
In what country is Aconcagua Mountain?
Mendoza, Argentina | Aconcagua Region in Chile is name after the river that flows down from it.
52
What Is the steepest mountain in South America?
Mount Aconcagua
53
What are the 2 areas of Aconcagua DO that are not in a subregion?
Valle del Marga-Marga DO | Zapallar DO
54
What Area of Aconcagua Valley DO is Costa?
Quillota DO
55
Name three areas of Aconcagua Valley DO.
``` Quillota DO (costa) Panquehue (EC) San Felipe (EC) Catemu (EC) Hijuelas (EC) Llaillay (EC) Santa Maria (Andes) Calle Larga (Andes) San Esteban (Andes) ```
56
When was Seña started? When did Mondavi stop being involved?
1995 | It was been entirely owned by Eduardo Chadwick since 2005
57
What DO subregion is entirely Costa?
Casablanca DO
58
What cools Casablanca DO?
Cool wind coming off the Humboldt Current
59
Who is Pablo Morande?
Pioneered winemaking in Casablanca DO in 1982
60
Name 3 wineries in Casablanca DO
Villard Kingston Montsecano Ritual (owned by large-scale Veramonte)
61
Describe Casablanca DO's climate
Cool Mediterranean | fog and wide diurnal swing
62
What percentage of Casablanca DO is planted to white grapes?
75%
63
Why do Casablanca vines need to be grafted?
Nematodes, which love the sandy soils
64
What are the zones of San Antonio DO?
Valle de Leyda DO | Lo Abarca DO
65
What are the areas of San Antonio DO?
``` 2 within Leyda: San Juan Santo Domingo 2 outside of a zone: Cartegena Algarrobo ```
66
What is the closest zone to the ocean in Chile? How close is it?
Lo Abarca 4 km away from the ocean
67
What grape is Leyda DO known for?
SB
68
What are the regions of the Zona Central in Chile? North to south
Maipo DO Rapel DO Curico DO Maule DO
69
Which subregion of Aconcagua DO is closest to the coast?
San Antonio DO
70
Name 3 Area DOs of Maipo DO
``` Isla de Maipo DO (EC) Alhue (EC) Santiago (Andes) Pirque (Andes) Puente Alto (Andes) Buin (Andes) ```
71
How is the Maipo unofficially divided. What are the parameters for each?
Maipo Costa/Maipo Baja- Southwest, lowest lying Medio Maipo- central area Alto Maipo- 400-600 meters
72
What is the soil of Puente Alto DO?
Gravelly | North bank of the Maipo River
73
What is the general soil of Alto Maipo?
Well-drained alluvial deposited by the Maipo River
74
Name 3 top Puente Alto wines
Don Melchor Vinedo Chadwick Almaviva
75
Who makes Casa Real and where is the vineyard located?
Santa Rita | The vineyard is name Carneros Viejos and is in Alto Jahuel in Alto Maipo
76
What are the zones of Rapel DO?
Cachapoal Do | Colchagua DO
77
Name 3 areas in Cachapoal DO
Peumo DO
78
What is the most heavily planted DO subregion in Chile?
Rapel DO
79
What rivers feed into the Rapel River?
Cachapoal River | Tinguiririca River
80
Name 2 areas in Cachapoal DO.
Peumo DO | Rancagua DO
81
Which zone of Rapel DO is further north and inland?
Cachapoal DO | Therefore, it is warmer.
82
Name two Camenere wines labeled under the Peumo DO
Concha y Toro's Carmin de Peumo | Santa Carolina's Herencia
83
Name 3 producers based in Cachapoal DO
Vik Altair Anakena Clos de Fous
84
Name 3 Area DOs in Colchagua DO
``` Apalta DO (EC) Lolol DO (Costa) Marchigüe DO (EC) Los Lingues (Andes) Santa Cruz DO (EC) San Fernando DO (Andes) ```
85
Where is Apalta located? What is its status?
Colchagua | Area DO in Entre Cordilleras
86
What are the Zones of Curico DO?
Teno DO | Lontue DO
87
Name 3 Areas of Curico DO.
``` Lontue: Sagrada Familia DO (EC) Molina DO (A) Teno: Vichuquen DO (C) Licanten DO (C) Rauco DO (EC) Romeral DO (A) ```
88
Compare Curico's climate to Maipo and Rapel.
Curico is a little cooler and has more rainfall in the winter, resulting in typically greener flavors. CS is still most planted grape, but there are more white grapes here
89
Where is the Manso de Velasco vineyard? What is it and who owns it?
Curico DO 100 year old CS vines Miguel Torres
90
Name the zones of Maule DO
Claro DO Loncomilla DO Tutuven DO
91
What are the rules for VIGNO?
``` Min 30 yr old vines Min 24 mo age, any vessel Min 85% Carignan Head Trained Dry Farmed ```
92
Name 3 VIGNO producers.
``` Garage Wine Co. J. Bouchon De Martino Undurraga Miguel Torres Lapostolle ```
93
What year did VIGNO begin?
2010
94
What is the most planted grape in the Maule DO?
Cab Sauv
95
What are the subregions of Sur DO?
Itata DO Bio-Bio-DO Malleco DO
96
Name 2 areas of Itata DO
``` Portezuelo DO (C) Coelemu DO (C) Chillan DO (EC) Quillon DO (EC) ```
97
What are the rivers of Itata DO?
Itata River | Ñuble River
98
What are the areas of Bio-Bio DO?
``` Yumbel DO (EC) Mulchen DO (EC) ```
99
What are the mountains of Bio-Bio? How do they affect the climate?
Nahuelbuta Mountains, part of the southern Coastal Range. | Somewhat shields the region from coastal influence.
100
What is the area of Malleco DO?
Traiguen DO
101
What are the subregions of Austral DO?
Cautin DO | Osorno DO

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