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Ethnomusicology > China > Flashcards

China Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Who controlled music

A

Dynasty or whoever has political power

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2
Q

Confucius

A

Philosopher
Dominated music for several thousand years
Taught that music isn’t for entertainment but more a means of expression - people using music for entertainment had lower social status
Formed basis for two types of music

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3
Q

How long ago is there evidence of scores?

A

2 BC

2000+ years ago

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4
Q

What did the Chinese people believe about sound?

A

Sound influenced the harmony of the universe

Like energy and stuff

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5
Q

Qin dynasty

A

Destroyed all music before its time because they thought music was a wasteful activity
Music had too strong of an influence

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6
Q

Han dynasty

A

Reintroduced concepts of Confuciusism with same principles until 1911
From 206 BC - 22 AD

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7
Q

What happened 1911?

A

Enter pop culture

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8
Q

Modern Chinese music

A

Struggled with incorporating elements of a Western music while keeping own musical philosophy

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9
Q

2 types of music

A

Ya-yueh

Su-yueh

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10
Q

Ya-yueh

A

Elegant music
More sophisticated
Only performed in Confucius temples

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11
Q

Su-yueh

A

Popular music

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12
Q

Who could listen to sophisticated music?

A

(Ya-yueh)

Only the educated people

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13
Q

Most important genre

A

Solo instrumental performance

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14
Q

Fundamental pitches?

A

From bamboo “Lu pipes”

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15
Q

Tuning instruments

A

Putting music in tune with the universe

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16
Q

Tone system

A

Cyclic

Blowing tubes closed at one end and lengths that are mathematically proportioned

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17
Q

Tubes used in tuning (?)

A

12 tubes total
In 2 groups
6 “male”
6 “female”

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18
Q

Tones used

A

5 tones are pentatonic scale
Represent 5 elements (earth, sea, sky, wind, fire)
6th and 7th tones - F#, B are CHANGING TONES
-combined with pentatonic scale make up heptatonic scale (or LYDIAN mode)

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19
Q

Texture

A

Both monophonic and homophonic

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20
Q

Form

A

Through composed

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21
Q

Melody and timbre

A

Predominant elements

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22
Q

Rhythm

A

LOTS of rubato unless in an ensemble

Rhythm is VERY free

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23
Q

Chinese instruments

A

Categorized by 8 materials they’re made of

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24
Q

8 materials

A 
Metal
Stone
Clay
Skin
Wood
Bamboo
Gourds
Silk
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25
Metal instruments
``` Chun Luo Chuzeng baizhong Chimes Bo ```
26
Stone instruments
Qing
27
Clay instruments
Xun | Fou
28
Skin instruments
Dagu | All ending in "gu"
29
Wood instruments
Zhu | Mu yu
30
Gourd instruments
Sheng
31
Bamboo instruments
Suona Dizi Xiao
32
Silk (plucked)
Guqin Guzheng Pipa Ruan
33
Silk (bowed)
Erhu | Yehu
34
Silk (struck)
Yangqin
35
Chun
Bells | Metal
36
Luo
Gongs | Metal
37
Chuzeng baizhong
100 bronze bells on a rack Struck using poles Metal
38
Chimes
... Chimes? Metal
39
Bo
Cymbals | Metal
40
Qing
Stone | Stone chimes
41
Xun
Clay Ocarina Clay with holes
42
Fou
``` Clay Clay pot (you hit it) ```
43
Dagu
Skin | "Big drum"
44
Ending in "gu"
All drums Skin Stretched hide over hollow vessel
45
Zhu
Wood | Wood box
46
Mu yu
Wood Wooden fish Chinese temple block/woodblock
47
Sheng (instrument)
Gourd Mouth blown free reed instrument 17 bamboo pipes set in gourd
48
Free reed instrument
Reed is inside the instrument (not in mouth)
49
Suona
``` Bamboo For outdoors Double reed instrument Metal bell Bright sound ```
50
Dizi
Bamboo Bamboo flute 6-8 holed flute 2000 years old
51
Xiao
Bamboo | Vertically end-blown flute (blow down)
52
Guqin
Silk (plucked) 7 stringed zither without bridges 3000 years old
53
Guzheng
Silk (plucked) Zither with movable bridges 16-25 strings
54
Pipa
``` Silk (plucked) Very important 4 string lute 30 frets Pear shaped ```
55
Erhu
Silk (bowed) 2 stringed fiddle Made of Python skin as resonator
56
Yehu
Silk (bowed) 2 stringed instrument like erhu Coconut body instead of Python skin
57
Yangqin
Silk (struck) | Dulcimer with near squared soundboard
58
Ruan
``` Silk (plucked) Chinese guitar 4 stringed moon shapes lure Long straight neck Various number of frets ```
59
Chinese opera general
``` Social activity Dates back to 1790 in Beijing Originally performed on outdoor stages Socializing, eating and drinking occurs during the performances Highest expression of Chinese culture ```
60
Peking opera
Beijing type Most well known opera Most performed style of opera in China
61
Chinese opera costumes
Graceful and elegant | Little scenery or props used
62
Opera length
Between 3 and 4 hours
63
Chinese opera storylines
``` Revolve around Chinese fairy tales Historical events Emperors Love stories Warring periods of Chinese history ```
64
Physical action in Chinese opera
Choreography Acrobatics Martial arts
65
Chinese opera lyrics
Singing | Rhythmically speaking
66
4 main characters in Peking opera
Sheng Dan Chou Jing
67
Sheng (opera)
Male character Middle aged man with bears Decency figure/righteous
68
Dan
Female character Strong minded middle aged woman Behaves elegantly
69
Chou
Comic role Ridiculously funny White powder on nose so they're recognized
70
Jing
Male characters with unique appearance and personality | Different colours represent different traits
71
Jing colour: red
``` Loyalty Heroism Brave Righteous Good traits ```
72
Jing colour: purple
Wisdom Respect Sophistication Often goes with red
73
Jing colour: green
Violent Impulsive Stubborn
74
Jing colour: yellow/white
Sneaky Hypocritical Treacherous
75
Jing colour: black
Honesty/frankness Valiant Noble Neutrality?
76
Jing colour: blue
Bravery Wild The robber/thief Stubborn
77
Jing colour: gold/silver
Monsters + gods
78
Instruments in a typical Peking opera
``` Percussion Stringed Clappers Bass Gongs Cymbals Erhu Yueqin Suona etc ```

Ethnomusicology (5 decks)

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