china and japan

Question 1

Ming Dinasty

Answer 1

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China—then known as the Empire of the Great Ming—for 276 years (1368–1644)

Question 2

Qing Dynasty

Answer 2

The Qing dynasty (English /tʃɪŋ/), officially the Great Qing, also called the Empire of the Great Qing or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917.

Question 3

Examination System

Answer 3

was an attempt to recruit men on the basis of merit rather than on the basis of family or political connection.

Question 4

Opium wars

Answer 4

The Opium Wars were two wars in the mid-19th century involving Anglo-Chinese disputes over British trade in China and China’s sovereignty. The disputes included the First Opium War (1839–1842) and the Second Opium War (1856–1860). The wars and events between them weakened the Qing dynasty and forced China to trade with the rest of the world.

Question 5

Taiping Rebellion

Answer 5

The Taiping Rebellion or Taiping Civil War (simplified Chinese: 太平天国运动; traditional Chinese: 太平天國運動; pinyin: Taìpíng Tīanguó Yùndòng, literally “Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement”) was a massive rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864, which was fought between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the millenarian

Question 6

Beijing

Answer 6

Beijing (formerly romanised as Peking[8]) is the capital of the People’s Republic of China and the world’s third most populous city proper. It is also one of the world’s most populous capital cities.

Question 7

Treaty lf Nanjing

Answer 7

The Treaty of Nanking or Nanjing was a peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–42) between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842.

Question 8

Taiwan

Answer 8

a Chinese island separated from the SE coast of China by Taiwan Strait: a possession of Japan 1895–1945; restored to China 1945; seat of the Republic of China since 1949.

Question 9

Empress

Answer 9

a female ruler of an empire

Question 10

Ci Xi

Answer 10

Empress Dowager Cixi1 (Chinese: 慈禧太后; pinyin: Cíxǐ Tàihòu; Mandarin pronunciation: [tsʰɨ̌ɕì tʰâɪ̯ xɤ̂ʊ̯]; Manchu: Tsysi taiheo; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a Chinese empress dowager and regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years from 1861 until her death in 1908.

Question 11

self strengthening movement

Answer 11

The Self-Strengthening Movement (Chinese: 洋務運動/自強運動/同治維新), c. 1861 – 1895, was a period of institutional reforms initiated in China during the late Qing dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers.

Question 12

Imperial City

Answer 12

The Imperial City (also known as Cyrodiil City) is the capital of Cyrodiil and the whole of the Empire. The circular city is located on City Isle, an island in Lake Rumare in the Nibenay Valley at the center of the Imperial province.

Question 13

Porcelain

Answer 13

a strong, vitreous, translucent ceramic material, biscuit-fired at a low temperature, the glaze then fired at a very high temperature

Question 14

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 14

a member of a Chinese secret society that carried on an unsuccessful uprising, 1898–1900 (Boxer Rebellion) principally against foreigners, culminating in a siege of foreign legations in Peking that was put down by an international expeditionary force.

Question 15

tokugawa shogunate

Answer 15

The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Tokugawa bakufu and the Edo bakufu, was the last feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1603 and 1868.

Question 16

commodore matthew perry

Answer 16

Matthew Calbraith Perry was a Commodore of the United States Navy and commanded a number of ships. He served in several wars, most notably in the Mexican–American War and the War of 1812. He played a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854.

Question 17

meiji restoration

Answer 17

The Meiji Restoration, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. New Meiji rulers still restore the power to the Emperor Meiji who was considered a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu at that time.

Question 18

consulate

Answer 18

the position, work, authority, or term of service of a consul.

Question 19

eta

Answer 19

ETA (Basque: [eta], Spanish: [ˈeta]), an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (Basque pronunciation: [eus̺kaði ta as̺katas̺una]; “Basque Country and Freedom”)[4] is an armed Basque nationalist and separatist organization in northern Spain and southwestern France. The group was founded in 1959 and later evolved from a group promoting traditional Basque culture to a paramilitary group engaged in a violent campaign of bombing,

Question 20

edo

Answer 20

the former name of tokyo

Question 21

the hermit kingdom

Answer 21

Hermit kingdom is a term applied to any country, organization or society which willfully walls itself off, either metaphorically or physically, from the rest of the world. The Joseon dynasty of Korea was frequently described as a hermit kingdom during the latter part of the dynasty.

Question 22

isolation

Answer 22

the complete separation from others of a person suffering from contagious or infectious disease; quarantine

Question 23

dutch learning

Answer 23

Rangaku (Kyūjitai: 蘭學/Shinjitai: 蘭学, literally “Dutch Learning”, and by extension “Western Learning”) is a body of knowledge developed by Japan through its contacts with the Dutch enclave of Dejima, which allowed Japan to keep abreast of Western technology and medicine in the period when the country was closed to foreigners, 1641–1853, because of the Tokugawa shogunate’s policy of national isolation (sakoku).

Question 24

junks

Answer 24

A junk is an ancient Chinese sailing ship design that is still in use today. Junks were used as seagoing vessels as early as the 2nd century AD and developed rapidly during the Song Dynasty.

Question 25

queue

Answer 25

a braid of hair worn hanging down behind

Question 26

hsuan-yeh

Answer 26

second Emperor of the Ch’ing dynasty, who ruled during the years 1661-1722

Question 27

philology

Answer 27

the study of literary texts and of written records, the establishment of their authenticity and their original form, and the determination of their meaning.

Question 28

extraterritorial

Answer 28

beyond local territorial jurisdiction, as the status of persons resident in a country but not subject to its laws.

Question 29

unequal treaties

Answer 29

a term applied to any of a series of treaties signed with Western powers during the 19th and early 20th centuries by Qing dynasty China and late Tokugawa Japan after suffering military defeat by the foreign powers or when there was a threat of military action by those powers.

Question 30

toyotomi hideyoshi

Answer 30

was a preeminent daimyō, warrior, general, samurai, and politician of the Sengoku period

Question 31

tokugama ieyasu

Answer 31

was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan; which effectively ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868

Question 32

treaty of kanagawa

Answer 32

was the first treaty between the United States of America and the Tokugawa Shogunate. Signed under threat of force, it effectively meant the end of Japan’s 220-year-old policy of national seclusion (sakoku), by opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American vessels

Question 33

consulates

Answer 33

the premises officially occupied by a consul