china and japan Flashcards
Ming Dynasty
A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.
Qing Dynasty
a dynasty established by the Manchus that ruled China 1644–1911. Its overthrow in 1911 by Sun Yat-sen and his supporters ended imperial rule in China.
examination system
civil service recruitment method and educational system employed from the Han dynasty (206 B.C.–A.D. 220) until it was abolished by the Ch’ing dowager empress Tz’u Hsi in 1905 under pressure from leading Chinese intellectuals. The concept of a state ruled by men of ability and virtue was an outgrowth of Confucian philosophy. The examination system was an attempt to recruit men on the basis of merit rather than on the basis of family or political connection.
opium
a reddish-brown heavy-scented addictive drug prepared from the juice of the opium poppy, used as a narcotic and in medicine as an analgesic.
taiping rebellion
1850–64, revolt against the Ch’ing (Manchu) dynasty of China. It was led by Hung Hsiu-ch’uean, üan a visionary From guangdong who evolved a political creed and messianic religious ideology influenced by elements Of Protestant. Christianity his object was to found a new, dynasty
beijing
the capital of China, in the northeastern part of the country; pop. 8,580,400 (est. 2006). It became the country’s capital in 1421, at the start of the Ming period, and survived as the capital of the Republic of China after the revolution of 1912.
treaty of nanjing
The Treaty of Nanking, formally called the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Commerce between Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and the Emperor of China, was signed on the 29 August 1842 to mark the end of the First Opium War (1839–42) between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Qing dynasty of China.
taiwan
an island country off the southeastern coast of China; pop. 22,974,300 (est. 2009); capital, Taipei; language, Mandarin Chinese (official).
empress
a female emperor.
cixi
The dowager empress of China
self-strengthening
the quality or state of being strong; bodily or muscular power; vigor.
imperial city
characterizing the rule or authority of a sovereign state over its dependencies.
porcelain
a white vitrified translucent ceramic; china.
boxer rebellion
an unsuccessful rebellion in China in 1900, the objective of which was to drive out all foreigners, remove all foreign influence, and compel Chinese Christians to give up their religion
tokugawa shogunate
the last shogunate in Japan (1603–1867), founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616). The shogunate was followed by the restoration of imperial power under Meiji Tenno.
