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RELS 101 SDSU > Chinese/Japanese Religions > Flashcards

Chinese/Japanese Religions Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

When discussing Chinese religion, what do we refer to?

A

The Sinjao: The three teachings

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2
Q

Who is the Sinjao attributed to?

A

Li Shiqian, a sixth century sage who combined Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism.

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3
Q

According to the book, one common factor between daoism, confucianism and buddhism is the fact that they all foster humanism what is that?

A

humanism is the concept where one focuses more on doing well (morals, values, principals) rather than trying to understand God and the origin of the world

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4
Q

What were some of the ancient teachings before Sinjao?

A
  1. Belief that good/bad spirits were active (happiness/disaster was controlled by these spirits)
  2. Yin and Yang (good in bad, bad in good)
  3. Ancestor Veneration (worship of ancestors could bring harmony and peace).
  4. I-Ching (applying the use of bones, tortise shells+, to tell the future)
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5
Q

I-Ching was an ancient concept that arose out of the practice of ________

A

Divination (the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means)

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6
Q

According to Yin and yang, what is heaven and what is earth?

A

yin=earth

yang= heaven

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7
Q

According to the text, who is the founder of Daoism?

A

Laozi (also known as Lao Tzu)

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8
Q

What does Laozi (Lao Tzu) mean?

A

old master

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9
Q

What do traditional reports say about the birth of Laozi?

A

Many claim he was from virginal conception and was born already old

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10
Q

What is the name of Lao Tzu’s book of teachings?Why is it important?

A

Dao De Jing

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11
Q

How many chapters are in the Dao De Jing?

A

81

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the Dao De Jing?

A

to attain harmony/peace between opposites in nature

relates to the concept of dualism

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13
Q

What is dao? is it a god? a deity?

A

In Daoism, dao is more like a path/way of life. It is beyond description but can be experienced and followed. It basically encompasses the idea of letting nature run it’s course. (natural order)

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14
Q

What type of traditions does the Dao De Jing encourage?

A

meditation and contemplation

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15
Q

Wu wei is the principle of “_________”

A

non-action or non-doing

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16
Q

What does Wu Wei represent?

A

It represents the natural order of things and letting things run by themselves.

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17
Q

What element is commonly associated with Wu Wei?Why?

A

water because water is an element that can naturally change/shape other elements through non action

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18
Q

Can Wu Wei be applied to government? How so?

A

Yes, it can apply to a government that is not too controlling over people yet interferes when necessary

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19
Q

Who was Zhuangzi?

A

A 4th century BCE Daoist teacher who expanded on the Dao De Jing. He taught that concept that people should be who they are without feeling the need to adjust to society’s norms.

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20
Q

What is simplicity?

A

General teaching of Daoism- it ties into Wu Wei and is the act of avoiding complications

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21
Q

What is Gentleness?

A

general teaching of Daoism- explains that aggression, violence and war are the worst disruptors of harmony

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22
Q

What is Relativity?

A

General teaching of Daoism- relates to “beauty is in the eye of the beholder” yet not just with physicalities, with everything. We observe things based on our norms and conditions.

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23
Q

What is Tai Chi?

A

General teaching of Daoism- In china, people do specific excercises that are taught to promote better health.

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24
Q

What is Qigong (Chi Kung)?

A

Relates to Tai Chi and is translated as “life energy” due to the teaching of certain breathing techniques

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25
Which company has incorporated tai chi as part of its exercise program?
the Mayo Clinic; it is used for stress reduction and gentle physical exercise
26
What is confucianism categorized as?
Instead of being a religion, confucianism is more of an ethical and philosophical system
27
Confucianism is called a "civil religion" what does this mean?
This means that religious qualities (in this case confucianism's values) are integrated into society
28
What other religion is confucianism related to?
The law of ancient Judaism
29
Who is the founder of confucianism?
Kong Qiu (Master Kong)----Later known as Confucius
30
What were Confucius' occupations throughout his life?
tax collector, teacher and finally a government adviser
31
What were the five great relationships?
1. father-son = filial piety 2. ruler-subject = loyalty 3. elder bro. - younger bro. = brotherliness 4. husband-wife = love/obedience 5. older - younger friend = faithfulness
32
What did the 5 great relationships represent?
According to Confucius, he believed the perfect society consisted of healthy relationships between the people.
33
What are the 5 virtues?
1. Ren 2. Li 3. Shu 4. Xiao 5. Wen
34
Which dynasty did Confucius use for ancestral values?
Zhou Dynasty
35
Which collections represent confucian teachings?
Lunyu (analects) and Wujing (5 classics)
36
t/f confucius has written texts in which his students have published
False, most of the teachings of confucian thought were compiled by his students after his death.
37
Describe Ren
teaches us that society is successful when we are considerate of each others. Politeness is necessary here
38
Describe Li
basically the act of showing good proper manners
39
Describe Shu
the idea of do not do to others what you would not like done to you
40
Describe Xiao
virtue of loyalty, obedience and care to family members
41
Describe Wen
Everyone in society should focus on a curricular activity (creativity)
42
Archery is an example of what virtue?
Wen
43
What virtue is associated with the silver rule?
Shu
44
principle of consideration is known as _____?
Ren
45
The two main interpreters for confucian thought are...
Mengzi and Xunxi
46
What is the difference between CHAN and PURE land Buddhism?
Chan focuses on meditation with the help of a master | Pure land Buddhism emphasizes the idea that one doesn't have to struggle for enlightenment
47
What is kami?
mystical, superhuman forces that have the power to control (create/prolong/renew) any form of existing life
48
When did kami worship start?
In the prehistoric times
49
What is particularism?
particular obligations to specific people
50
Who is the most famous kami?
Amaterasu Omikami
51
t/f before the Sanjiao, one of the common beliefs in China was about spirits that were active in every aspect of the natural world
True
52
t/f The Dao De Jing has had very little impact on Chinese though
False
53
t/f The Sanjiao may be said to foster humanism
true
54
t/f I-Ching harbors the concept of divination
true
55
Which collection, in addition to the Lunzu, represents Confuianism
WuJing
56
What is the hierarchal schema of relationships in Confucian thought?
The 5 great relationships
57
In Confucian thought, the silver rule is represented by
shu
58
Principle for consideration is known as...
Ren (Jen)
59
In Confucianism, a person who pursues archery as an extracurriculur activity would be engaged in...
wen
60
One of the most famous interpreters of Confucian though was
Mengzi
61
Which, in addition to the Dao De Jing is a famous Daoist work?
The Zhuangzi
62
Chi is translated as...
life energy
63
In which confucian quality does one seek the good of others as well as the self?
Ren
64
Chinese philosophers emphasize teaching about going with the flow of nature in the.....
Dao De Jing
65
The Dao De Jing is believed to have been written by
Laozi
66
Falun Dafa ia
A modern Chinese religious/ethical movement
67
The sage who coined the term sanjiao was
Li Shiqian
68
The Analects represents teachings of
Confucius
69
t/f Any misfortune occurring in the uncharted wilderness of Japan could be attributed to a tengu
True
70
t/f Fishing was the foundation of life in ancient Japan.
False
71
t/f Buddhism is an indigenous religion of Japan
False
72
t/f Gyoki was a famous kami
False
73
t/f The earliest evidence of Kami worship can be seen in cave drawings
False
74
t/f The belief in Kami is at the foundation of Japanese culture
true
75
t/f the most famous kami is Amaterasu Omikami
true
76
t/f the most famous kami is Amaterasu Omikami
true
77
What is the kappa?
story of an amphibious boy who lives hiding in rivers
78
What is the purpose of stories with strange creatures?
sometimes, they will blame them for an unforeseen "misfortune" such as unwanted pregnancy, deformed babies etc
79
What is a tengu?
another creature from a story, it is partly bird and mostly human. He is often blamed for any misfortune in the uncharted wildreness
80
What is a tengu?
another creature from a story, it is partly bird and mostly human. He is often blamed for any misfortune in the uncharted wilderness
81
What are foxes perceived as?
Mischievous tricksters and are dangerous because they shape-shift and fool others
82
What is a tanuki?
raccoon-dog; this creature takes joy in killing and harming humans
83
What is yamamba?
she-demons (shriveled old women) OR mountain hags
84
Amaterasu Omikari is known as ______
Great Heaven-Illuminating Deity
85
Temple building in Japan replaced what older practice?
tomb building
86
Who are yamabushi?
people skilled in the rituals of Shugenod and have acquired superhuman forces to do so
87
What is the name of the legendary superboy who was renowned for his strength?
Kintaro
88
Perceiving the mountains as sacred is known as
Shugendo
89
Amaterasu Omikami is seen as
The progenitor of the imperial family
90
In 1995, what did the members of Aum Shinrikyo do? Why?
They released sarin gas into the tokyo subway system after losing hundreds of followers in their movement and feeling rejected by society
91
Who was the enlightened blind guru from Aum Shinrikyo?
Shoko Asahara
92
Chinese form of Buddhism is known as
Mizong
93
the nara period is
the move of the imperial capital to Nara in 710
94
which council shunned anti Semitism?
Vatican Council II
95
pre-eminence of peter is known as
Petrine Primacy
96
triune god head is known as
the trinity (God, Jesus and the Holy Spirit)
97
Direct successors to the apostles are
bishops
98
Pre eminent position in the Western Church is
Bishop of Rome
99
1st Bishop of rome
Peter
100
Martin Luther refused to recant criticism at...
Diet of Worms
101
Anabaptists were initially led by
Thomas Muntzer
102
The emperor who imposed the death sentence on any Christian refusing to sacrifice to the state cults of Rome was...
Emperor Diocletian
103
sunni or shia? group that supports Ali as successor
shia
104
What is the common agreement between sunnis and shias?
Ali was not the rightful ruler
105
Madhab translates to
school
106
sunni or shia? use of hebrew bible
sunni

RELS 101 SDSU (4 decks)

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