Chirality Carbonyls And Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is an optical isomers
Are a type of stereo isomer that contain a chiral centre
What is chiral or chirality
When a molecule contains a symmetrical carbon atom with 4 diffrent groups attached
What’s an enantiomer
Molecules with chiral centre with same molecular formula different arrange,ent of atoms in space
What’s a race mixture
There is an equal amount of each enantiomer so there is no rotation in the plane
What does the test tri iodo methane test for
Tests for a methyl group next to a C=O
if there is a methyl group then there should be a yellow precipitate
What does acidified potassium di chromate test for ( aldehyde and ketone)
Aldehyde - precipitate goes from orange to green
Ketone - predicate stays orange
What does 2,4 DNP proves
The presence of a carbonyl C=O
What does tollens reagent test for
Aldehyde - creates silver mirrors
Ketone nothing happens
What does felinings test for
Aldehyde blue- brick red
Ketone - stays blue
What is the product of an SN2 mechanism
Starts with an optical isomer ends with an optical isomer
Starts completely optically pure and active and ends optically pure
What’s an SN1 mechanism
Starts with an optically pure reactant ends with a race mixture and a 50/50 split of enantiomer
Explain the intermolecular forces in an aldehyde and ketone
Aldehydes don’t form hydrogen bonds with in the molecules with themselves and as a result they have a lower melting point and are volatile can easily form vapour
2) they can however form hydrogen bonds with water and as a result they have a high solubility and are so blue in water
What is recrystallisation
The process where it causes boiling point to vary so you can identify an aldehyde or ketone
What is used to convert a carbonyl to alcohol
LIalH4 dry ether it’s reducing agent
Reagent and condition to convert nitrile to a carboxylic acid
Reflux
Dilute HCL
Heat
What are the two ways you can make an ester
Carboxylic acid + alcohol
Acyl chloride + alcohol
What’s a condensation reaction
One product forms and there is the removal of a small molecule
Type of hydrolysis of esters
1) with an acid catalyst
That’s a reversible reaction so the equilibrium is uncertain so you don’t know what products you have
2) alkali
It’s a controlled multistep process irreversible reaction salt produced
Which can be converted back into a carboxylic acid
What’s the difference between the formation of addition polymers and condensation polymers
Additional polymers
Doesn’t eliminate a small product
One product forms
Condensation polymer
2 products forms
A smaller molecule is produced
