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Marine Biodiversity - Plants - Moro > Chlorophyta - Ulvophyceae > Flashcards

Chlorophyta - Ulvophyceae Flashcards

1
Q

thallus? cell wall?

A
  • order: Ulvales
  • species: Ulva compressa
  • thallus: hollow tube arranged in single layer
  • inside: O2-bubbles produced by PS
  • rhizoids near base for adhesion to substrate
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2
Q

diverse forms in Ulvaphyceae

A
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3
Q

class?
reproductive cycle?

A
  • order: Ulvales
  • species: Ulva rigida
  • tubular bilayer laminar thallus (= composition of two layers of cells that are identical)
  • has a haplodiplontic reproductive cycle
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4
Q

typical reproductive cycle of majority of Ulvales?

A
  • haplodiplontic
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5
Q

what genera?

A

Ulva

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6
Q
A
  • left: attached because rhizoids present
  • but attachment not so firm: currents can make them pelagic
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7
Q

what order? what do the arrows show?

A

order: Bryopsiales
- Thallus with siphonal organization
- plurinucleated
- formed by a horizontal stolon from which rhizoids branch downwards and erect foliose blades upwards.

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8
Q

order? genus?

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Caluerpa

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9
Q

order? genus?

A

right: easy to identify: bubbles
order: Bryopsidales
genus: Caluerpa

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10
Q

order? genus?

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Caluerpa

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11
Q

order? genus?

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Caluerpa
Caulerpa paspaloides

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12
Q

order? genus?

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Caluerpa

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13
Q

important species in order Bryopsidales?

A

Caulerpa taxifolia

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14
Q

Caulerpa taxifolia - what about it?

A
  • native in tropical and subtropical regions
  • got bought and introduced to aquariums in Europe
  • spreaded and covered large areas
  • phenomena: gigantism
  • introduced in Mediterranean
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15
Q

how was Caulerpa taxifolia introduced?

A
  • probable spill from tank
  • probably ballast water
  • maybe from fisher nets/anchors
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16
Q

causes of proliferation? (=rapid increase)

A
  • mild temp. in mediterranen
  • no predators
  • it has toxic compounds
  • tropical species have usually developed natural immunity
  • here: no immunity
  • excessive growth
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17
Q

ideal environment for Caulerpa taxifolia

A
  • surface - 50m depth
  • 7-32°C
  • can invade unstable/degraded environments
  • prefers sands without settlement
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18
Q

consequences for Posidonia due to C. taxifolia?

A
  • shading
  • damage because there PS-activity is prevented through shade
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19
Q

Morphology of C. taxifolia

A
20
Q

what is different for C. taxifolia in Mediterranean as compared to origin?

A
  • in mediterranean affected by “gigantism”
  • grows much more than normal
  • normal length of blades: 10-12cm
  • in mediterranean: 40cm
21
Q

what is it? where from?

A

here: invasive
as compared to tropical
difference in blade lengths

22
Q

toxicity of C. taxifolia

A

hazard:
- some cases of intoxication, attributed to Caulerpa toxins concentrated in the meat of some fish, so we can only talk about FOOD-TYPE INTOXICATION
- percentage of toxins usually higher in the Mediterranean than in tropical seas
- develops equally well in polluted and unpolluted waters

23
Q

order? genus? thallus organization?

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Codium sp

  • Thallus composed of a central body of siphonal organization filaments (all genera in Bryopsidales)
  • compact mass of thin tubes that form a spongy thallus
  • different forms, e.g. digitate, pulvinate or pillow, dicothomously branched
24
Q

different examples of what genera? what is it considered the same thallus form?

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Codium sp

  • left: sponge-similar attached to substrate
  • it still is filamentous
  • many filaments fused to form this form
25
Q

order? genus?

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Codium sp

rhizpids present

26
Q

order? genus?

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Halimeda

27
Q

thalli form of Halimeda?

A
  • It shows a thallus strongly encrusted with calcium carbonate to defend itself from herbivores
  • flat calcified segments linked to each other with junctions
  • junctions are not calcified and therefore they are flexible and move along the waves
28
Q

order? genus? describe thallus

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Halimeda

  • central axis
  • linked encrusted segments linked to each other at end of axis
29
Q

order? genus?

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Penicillus

30
Q

thallus in Penicillus?

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Penicillus

  • brush-formed
  • dichotomouslybranched siphons
  • peduncle with holdfast
  • CaCO3 present –> grey green
31
Q

order? genus?

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Udotea

32
Q

order? genus?

A

order: Bryopsidales
genus: Udotea

33
Q

characteristics of Udotea?

A
  • rhizoids for attachment and short peduncle
  • blade-similar structure due to fusion of different filaments
34
Q

class? order?

A

class: Ulvophyceae
order: Ulotrichales

  • no branches
  • uniseriate
  • filaments of uninuclear cells
  • filaments joint by plasmodesmata
35
Q

order?

A

Ulotrichales

36
Q

order?

A

class: Ulvophyceae
order: Dasyclades
genus: Cymopolia barbata

37
Q

oder? genus?

A

class: Ulvophyceae
order: Dasyclades
genus: Cymopolia barbata

38
Q

oder? genus?

A

class: Ulvophyceae
order: Dasyclades
genus: Cymopolia barbata

39
Q

Characteristics Cymopolia barbata

A

class: Ulvophyceae
order: Dasyclades

  • shallow waters
  • reaches length of 20cm
  • tufts slightly calcified at the end of branches
40
Q

oder? genus?

A

class: Ulvophyceae
order: Dasyclades
genus: Cymopolia sp.

41
Q

oder? genus?

A

class: Ulvophyceae
order: Dasyclades
genus: Acetabularia

42
Q

what about Ulva australis?

A

class: Ulvaphyceae
order: Ulvales
genus: Ulva

  • produces allopathic substrate
43
Q

Ulva rigida vs Ulva australis

A
  • Ulva rigida here invasive
  • can cause damage
44
Q
A

problem also in China, due to high reproductive rate

45
Q

what is that?

A
  • ‘‘green tides’’
  • Ulva australis
  • usually in high nutritious environment

Marine Biodiversity - Plants - Moro (13 decks)

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