Chloroplasts

Question 1

where in the cell does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 1

Inside the chloroplasts

Question 2

what do the inner membrane and outer membrane of the chloroplast make up?

Answer 2

They make up the chloroplasts envelope

Question 3

Structure of the thylakoid membrane?

Answer 3

• They are arranged in stacks which contain pigments including chlorophyll.
• these stacks of membrane are called grana

Question 4

where does the light dependent reaction occur?

Answer 4

Thylakoid membrane

Question 5

where does the light Independent reaction occur?

Answer 5

Stroma

Question 6

where are the photosynthetic pigments found?

Answer 6

• Found within the photosystems which are embedded in the thylakoid membrane of the grana

Question 7

what happens to the products of the light dependent reaction?

Answer 7

They move from the thylakoid membrane into the stroma for the light dependent reaction. The ATP is used to fix the CO2 into glucose.

Question 8

what is the circular DNA?

Answer 8

• Independent of DNA in plant cell nucleus.
• This gene codes for proteins required for photosynthesis.

Question 9

Is circular DNA similar to mitochondrion?

Answer 9

yes, similar to mitochondrion and photosynthetic bacteria

Question 10

what is the thylakoid membrane?

Answer 10

• series of flattened sacs allowing compartmentalisation so that different enzyme - driven reactions can occur at the same time
• the site of photosystems (light harvesting units), electron carriers and ATP synthase

Question 11

What is Granum/Grana?

Answer 11

In some places the membrane are arranged into stacks creating a larger surface area for photosystems.
- This increases the light absorbing capacity

Question 12

How is Grana similar to mitochondrion?

Answer 12

Similar to infolding of cell membrane for photosynthetic pigments in some bacteria

Question 13

what is lamellae?

Answer 13

Membrane which join the grana to one another

Question 14

what is the stroma?

Answer 14

• equivalent to cytoplasm
• contains photosynthetic enzymes for the light independent reaction

Question 15

is the stroma similar mitochondrian?

Answer 15

yes, similar to mitochondria and photosynthetic bacteria

Question 16

What are 70S Ribosomes?

Answer 16

• Suspended in the stroma; not in the endoplasmic recticulum
  synthesise enzymes needed in photosynthetic reactions and enzymes for starch build up and breakdown (amylase)

Question 17

is 70S Ribosomes similar to mitochondrian?

Answer 17

same smaller size ribosomes as found in photosynthetic bacteria (smaller than 80S ribosomes found in eukaryotes)

Question 18

What are starch grains and lipid droplets?

Answer 18

Glucose is produced directly from the photosynthesis but chemical energy cannot be stored in this form (would affect water potential) so converted into osmotic effect lipid can be utlised in phospholipid synthesis.

Question 19

Are starch grains similar to mitochondrian?

Answer 19

found in photosynthetic bacteria