Chloroplasts and photosynthetic pigments

Question 1

what is an heterotrophic organism

Answer 1

Ability to digest complex molecules and break them down into simpler ones

Question 2

What are the products of photosynthesis

Answer 2

glucose c6 h12 06
oxygen 6o2

Question 3

what organelle does photosynthesis take place in

Answer 3

Chloroplasts

Question 4

what are examples of autotrophic organisms

Answer 4

plants, algae, bacteria

Question 5

what is the diameter of a chloroplast

Answer 5

2-10 micrometres

Question 6

Chloroplasts have a double membrane envelope containing the inner membrane and outer membrane. Describe the permeability.

Answer 6

The outer membrane is permeable to ions and molecules

The inner membrane is less permeable and contains transport proteins that only allow certain ions to enter/leave chloroplast.

Question 7

Chloroplasts have numerous grana, what is an advantage of this?

Answer 7

Increases the surface area

Question 8

the thylakoids and grana create a membrane system with a large surface area and large number of pigment molecules. What does this ensure

Answer 8

increases distribution of photosystems which contain photosynthetic pigments to trap as much light energy as possible

Question 9

Where is chlorophyl and photosynthetic pigments held

Answer 9

In a photosystem in a Thylakoid membrane

Question 10

what colours of light is absorbed by chlorophyll

Answer 10

Red and blue light is absorbed.
Green light is reflected

Question 11

What gives chlorophyll its green colour

Answer 11

the reflected green light it doesnt absorb

Question 12

what are the accessory pigments

Answer 12

Carotene
Xanthophyll

Question 13

What type of ribosome does the stroma contain

Answer 13

70s ribosomes

Question 14

what is a photosynthetic pigment?

Answer 14

pigment that absorbs specific wavelengths of light and traps light energy

Question 15

what is the stroma and what does it contain

Answer 15

Starch grains, 70s ribosomes, loop of dna, lipid droplets, enzymes

Question 16

what does the chloroplasts loop of dna code for

Answer 16

proteins used in photosynthesis

Question 17

the grana is surrounded by the stroma (fluid filled matrix). How is this beneficial

Answer 17

products of the light dependent stage can easily be passed to the stroma to be used for the light independent stage

Question 18

Where does the light dependent stage occur

Answer 18

grana

Question 19

how do photosystems work

Answer 19

pigments absorb light of particular wavelengths
This energy associated with the light is funnelled down to the primary pigment reaction centre

Question 20

there are two types of chlorophyll a. What is the differnece between the two.

Answer 20

Cholorphyll A P680
- appears in photosystem II.
Peak of wavelength absorption is 680nm

Chlorophyll B- P700
appears in photosystem I. Peak of absorption is 700nm

Question 21

what colour do chlorophyll a and b appear

Answer 21

A- blue-green
B- yellow green

Question 22

What are the two accessory pigments

Answer 22

Carotene
Xanthophyll

Question 23

Describe carotene
- what colour light it absorbs
- what wavelength it absorbs
- what colour it appears

Answer 23

carotene- absorbs blue light, wavelength 400-500nm.
-reflects orange/yellow.

Question 24

Describe Xanthophyll
- what colour light it absorbs
- what wavelength it absorbs
- what colour it appears

Answer 24

-blue and green light absorbed
- wavelengths of 375-550
- reflects yellow

Question 25

what is a thylakoid

Answer 25

flatted membrane bound sac inside chloroplasts which contain photosynthetic pigments

Question 26

what is a grana

Answer 26

stack of thylakoids

Question 27

what takes place in the grana

Answer 27

light dependent stage

Question 28

what takes place in the stroma

Answer 28

light independent stage

Question 29

why is it beneficial that the stroma surrounds the grana

Answer 29

because the products from the light dependent stage which takes place in the grana can easily pass into the stroma.

Question 30

grana increases surface area in the chloroplasts, why is this beneficial

Answer 30

higher distribution of photosystems and photosynthetic pigments, to trap light energy more electron carriers and ATP synthase.

Question 31

thylakoids contain photosystems, what shape is a photosystem

Answer 31

funnel shaped structure

Question 32

what is at the bottom of the funnel/photosystem

Answer 32

primary pigment reaction centre. energy captured with wavelengths of light is funnelled to the bottom of the photosystem

Question 33

what is the primary pigment reaction centre

Answer 33

chlorophyll a- located at the base of the funnel shaped photosystem

Question 34

what wavelength does chlorophyll b absorb

Answer 34

400-500nm