CHN

Question 1

SECONDARY DATA SOURCES

Answer 1

Registry of vital events

Health records and reports

Disease registries

Census data

Question 2

Initially designed for clients in a community setting, the “—–” has been used as a framework for the care of individuals, families, and communities by nurses, nursing educators, physicians, and other health care providers. It is a comprehensive and research-based classification system for client problems that exists in the public domain, meaning, it is not held under copyright. The classification system has three components that are to be used together: a problem classification scheme, an intervention scheme, and a problem rating scale for outcomes

Answer 2

Omaha system

Question 3

allows identification of problems and areas of improvement, thereby stimulating action (WHO, 1994).

Answer 3

Community diagnosis

Question 4

CONDITIONS IN THE COMMUNITY AFFECTING HEALTH

Answer 4

People

Location

Social system

Question 5

Collecting Primary Data

Answer 5

Observation
Survey
Informant interview
Community Forum
Focus Group

Question 6

NANDA (now NANDA International)

Answer 6

nursing diagnostic labels, although focused more on individual rather than community responses to health conditions, have included diagnoses at the community level in more recent versions.

Question 7

proposed a practical adaptation of a format of nursing diagnoses for population groups previously presented by Green and Slade (2001)

Answer 7

Shuster and Goeppinger

Question 8

The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested the following criteria (in bold fonts) to decide on a community health concern for intervention:

Answer 8

Significance of the problem

Community awareness

Ability to reduce risk

Cost of reducing risk

Ability to identify the target population

Availability of resources

Question 9

Refers to a state, tribal, or local health assessment that identifies key health needs and issues through systematic, comprehensive data collection and analysis.

•Gives organized comprehensive information about the community’s current health status, needs, and issues.

Answer 9

COMUMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT

Question 10

Registry of vital events

Answer 10

• Birth
• Marriage
• Divorce
• Death

Question 11

A record

Answer 11

is a permanent written communication that documents information relevant to a client’s health care management.

Question 12

are oral or written exchanges of information shared between nurses and other personnel in many ways.

Answer 12

Reports

Question 13

is a summary of the services of person or personnel and of the agency

Answer 13

A report

Question 14

This is the listing of persons diagnosed with a specific type of disease in a defined population purposely done to serve as basis for monitoring, decision-making and program management

Answer 14

Diseases registries

Question 15

This provides for a national census of population and other related data in the Philippines every 10 years

Answer 15

Batas Pambansa Blg. 72 (1980)

Question 16

provides statistical information and services in the public.

Answer 16

The Philippine Statistical System (PSS)

Question 17

is the policy-making and coordinating body of the PSS.

Answer 17

National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)

Question 18

is the PSS arm that generates general statistics; population, employment, prices, and family income/expenditures.

Answer 18

National Statistics Office (NSO)

Question 19

During census these are based on the legally established place of residence of people. De facto is according to the actual physical location of people.

Answer 19

de Jure or de Facto method

Question 20

Methods to present community data

•••Maps that are frequently used

Answer 20

Bar graph

Pie chart

Line graph

Scatter plot or Diagram

Question 21

Is the process of determining the health status of the community and the factors responsible for it. The term is applied both to the process of determination and to its findings (WHO,2004)

Answer 21

COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

Question 22

Refers to the process of assessing the health and well-being of a specific community or population through a systematic and comprehensive approach. This approach is often employed in public health and community development to understand the needs, strengths, weaknesses, and health-related issues within a particular community

Answer 22

Traditional

Question 23

is an approach to community assessment and problem-solving that emphasizes active involvement and collaboration with community members throughout the entire process

Answer 23

Participatory Action Community Diagnosis

Question 24

is an approach to community assessment and problem-solving that combines research methods with active community participation

Answer 24

Participatory Action Research

Question 25

A format of nursing diagnosis for population groups.

Answer 25

Shuster and Goppingen

Question 26

is a standardized terminology and framework used in community and public health nursing, as well as other healthcare disciplines, for the purpose of data collection, documentation, and clinical decision-making. It is often used in community diagnosis and assessment because of its versatility and ability to capture a wide range of information related to individuals, families, and communities.

Answer 26

Omaha system

Question 27

Provides a standardized taxonomy of nursing diagnosis primarily for individual patient care guiding nurses in assessing patient health problems and planning care

Answer 27

NANDA

Question 28

is a social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, passive, individualistic and voiceless, the underprivileged, less fortunate, and marginalized poor to become dynamic, active, participatory and politically responsive community.

Answer 28

Community Organizing

Question 29

involves planned actions and processes to reach, influence, and involve all relevant segments of society across all sectors from the national to the community level, in order to create an enabling environment and effect positive behavior and social change.

Answer 29

Social Mobilization

Question 30

When organizations have agreed on the type of organizational relationship, ground rules that will become the basis for a decision-making. The following are the most important point:

Answer 30

Listen Take Don't force Advocacy work

Question 31

Core Principles in Community Organizing

Answer 31

Community organizing is people-centered Community organizing is participative Community organizing is democratic Community organizing is developmental Community organizing is process-oriented

Question 32

Goals of Community Organizing

Answer 32

People's Empowerment Building relatively permanent structures and people's organizations Improved quality of life

Question 33

Types of Evaluation

Answer 33

Formative Summative Process / planning Outcome

Question 34

Family health records

Answer 34

General information Family folders Maternal and health cards Family welfare records Vital events record Records of medical care and referrals Records of distribution Records of stocks Supervisory records Monthly reports and statistics records Daily diary Cumulative records Registers

Question 35

is a summary of baseline conditions and trends in a community and study area. It establishes the context for assessing potential impacts and for project decision-making.

Answer 35

Community profile

Question 36

A community profile may include information about the following:

Answer 36

• Demographic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, and number of immigrants • Social characteristics like educational attainment, income, language spoken at home, or poverty status • Crime •Prevalence of homeless or unsheltered individuals • Health status • Utilization of social services

Question 37

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Answer 37

Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning

Question 38

is the process of putting the structure of the team together. Team members feel ambiguous and conflict is avoided at all costs due to the need to be accepted into the group. Team members look to a group leader for direction and guidance, usually CORAL project guides.

Answer 38

Initial forming stage

Question 39

This tasks stage and begins to occur as the process of organizing task and processes surface interpersonal conflict

Answer 39

Storming stage

Question 40

In this stage, team members are creating new ways of doing and being together. As the group develops cohesion, leadership changes from ‘one’ teammate in charge to shared leadership. Team members learn they have to trust one another for shared leadership to be effective.

Answer 40

Norming stage

Question 41

Performing stage

Answer 41

True interdependence is the norm of this stage of group development. The team is flexible as individuals adapt to meet the needs of other team members. This is a highly productive stage both personally and professionally

Question 42

In this stage typically team members are ready to leave (course termination) causing significant change to the team structure, membership, or purpose and the team during the last week of class. They experience change and transition. While the group continues to perform productively they also need time to manage their feelings of termination and transition.

Answer 42

Adjourning stage

Question 43

Conflict resolution through the problem solving approach

Answer 43

a. Clarify the basic issues b. Diagnose the dimension and causes of problems c. Explore ways to settle the conflict d. Decide upon and implement an agreement that is satisfactory to all members e. Evaluate the success of the action/s taken

Question 44

Here are some key points to consider about awareness of the effect of behavior:

Answer 44

Self awareness Emotional impact Interpersonal relationships Professional and social settings Consequences and Accountability

Question 45

is a collaborative relationship between two or more parties based on trust, equality and mutual understanding for: achievement of a SPECIFIED GOAL. "-----" involve risks as well as benefits, making shared accountability critical.

Answer 45

Partnership

Question 46

helps each other enhance their capabilities in performing their tasks, as well as provisions of services.

Answer 46

Collaboration

Question 47

Importance of partnership and collaboration in community development

Answer 47

Maximize cost savings Improved efficiency Enhanced services

Question 48

the science of population helps the nurse find reasons or rationale why or how a particular population or group is influenced by a variety of factors resulting in vulnerability to diseases.

Answer 48

Demography

Question 49

Sources of data Most common:

Answer 49

censuses, sample surveys, and registration systems.

Question 50

done when people are assigned to the place where they usually live regardless of where they are at the time of census.

Answer 50

De jure method

Question 51

done when the people are assigned to the place they are physically present at the time of the census regardless of their usual place of residence.

Answer 51

De facto method

Question 52

refers to the number of people in a given place or area at a given time.

Answer 52

Population size

Question 53

population is characterized in relation to certain variables such as age, sex, occupation or educational level. - The nurse utilizes data on age and sex composition to decide who among the population groups merits attention in terms of health services and programs.

Answer 53

Population composition

Question 54

it compares the no. of males to the no. of females in the population (Males÷female) × 100

Answer 54

Sex ratio

Question 55

there are two ways to describe the age composition:

Answer 55

Median age Dependency ratio

Question 56

Total dependency ratio formula

Answer 56

(0-14y + >65y ÷ 15-65) × 100

Question 57

Median age

Answer 57

divides the population into two equal parts.

Question 58

Dependency ratio

Answer 58

compares the no. of economically dependent with the economically productive group

Question 59

Age and Sex composition

Answer 59

uses population pyramid, a graphical presentation of the age and sex composition of the population

Question 60

how people are distributed in a specific geographic location. The measures help the nurse decide how meager resources can be justifiably allocated based on concentration of population in a certain place.

Answer 60

Population Distribution

Question 61

simply illustrates the proportion of the people living in urban compared to the rural areas.

Answer 61

Urban-rural distribution

Question 62

it provides information on how susceptible the household is in transmitting communicable disease from one another.

Answer 62

Crowding index

Question 63

Formula crowding index

Answer 63

(# people in house ÷ # room sleeping)

Question 64

It determines how congested a place is and provides implication in terms of adequacy of basic health services present in the community

Answer 64

Population density

Question 65

Formula population density

Answer 65

# people ÷ land area (sqm/km)

Question 66

The Philippines ranked 12th in the world in terms of total population which was 88.6 million in August 2007. According to the President in her State of the Nation Address in July 2008, the country’s annual population growth rate is 2.04% down from the 2.36% in the 1990s. In 2000, there were about 255 people for every square kilometer of Philippine territory. Metro Manila has the highest population density and CAR has the lowest (NOH, 2005). The population in the urban areas is increasing very rapidly. From the 37% of the total population in 1984 (UNICEF, 1986) the figure increased to 48% in 2004 (NOH, 2005).

Answer 66

Phillipine health situation Demographic profile

Question 67

One of the issues about health statistics in the country is their accuracy, completeness, and reliability. Different sources sometimes quote different figures. The intention of including some statistics on the book is to give general picture of the epidemiological patterns and trends in the health of Filipinos.

Answer 67

Phillipine health situation Health profile

Question 68

• Defined as the study of the occurrence and distribution of health conditions such as disease, death, deformities, disabilities on human populations. It is also concerned with the study of probable factors that influence the development of these conditions

Answer 68

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Question 69

Stages of Natural History of Disease:

Answer 69

Prepathogenesis (or susceptibility) Pathogenesis a. Pre-symptomatic b. Discernible lesions c. Advanced disease

Question 70

In this stage, disease has not developed but factors that favor its occurrence are present.

Answer 70

Prepathogenesis (or susceptibility)

Question 71

disease has developed

Answer 71

Pathogenesis

Question 72

Epidemiological triangle

Answer 72

Environment Agent Host

Question 73

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROCESS AND INVESTIGATIONS The phases of epidemiological approach consists of

Answer 73

DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY INTERVENTION OR EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY EVALUATION EPIDEMIOLOGY