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CHN Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of public health according to C. E. Winslow?

A

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals.

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2
Q

What are the three main objectives of public health?

A
  • prevent disease
  • prolong life
  • promote health and efficiency
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3
Q

What does the acronym FOCUS stand for in public health?

A
  • Control of communicable diseases
  • Organization of medical and nursing services
  • Development of social machineries
  • Education on personal hygiene
  • Sanitation of the environment
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4
Q

What are the three levels of health care?

A
  • Primary - prevention of health
  • Secondary - early detection and treatment
  • Tertiary - rehabilitation/restoration of health
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5
Q

What is the focus of Occupational Health Nursing?

A

The health and safety of workers in different industries.

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6
Q

According to RA 1054, when is an Occupational Health Nurse (OHN) required?

A

When there are 30-1000 workers beyond 1 km from a health facility.

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7
Q

What are the levels of health services provided?

A
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
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8
Q

What is the definition of health according to WHO?

A

A complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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9
Q

What is Community Health Nursing focused on?

A

Developing and enhancing the health capabilities of people, either singly or collectively.

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10
Q

What is the primary client in Community Health Nursing?

A

Community

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11
Q

What are the principles of Community Health Nursing?

A
  • The family as the basic unit of service
  • Comprehensive care
  • Developmental services
  • Preventive care
  • Ecology orientation
  • Continuity of care
  • Multi-disciplinary approach
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12
Q

What is the goal of Primary Health Care (PHC)?

A

Health for all through self-reliance.

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13
Q

What are the three types of accessibility in Primary Health Care?

A
  • Geographic accessibility
  • Cultural accessibility
  • Financial accessibility
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14
Q

What is the Alma Ata Declaration?

A

Stated that Primary Health Care was the key to attain ‘Health for All’.

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15
Q

List eight essential drugs that should be found in ‘botika sa barangay’.

A
  • Cotrimoxazole
  • Amoxicillin
  • Rifampin
  • Isoniazid
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Paracetamol
  • Oresol
  • Nifedipine
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16
Q

What is the objective of the Family Coping Index?

A

To approximate the nursing needs of a particular family.

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17
Q

What are the health tasks of the family according to Freeman, 1981?

A
  • Recognizing interruptions of health or development
  • Seeking health care
  • Managing health and non-health crises
  • Providing nursing care to sick or disabled members
  • Maintaining a conducive home environment
  • Maintaining a relationship with the community
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18
Q

What is the definition of demography?

A

The study of population, including size and population composition.

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19
Q

What does the dependency ratio measure?

A

The ratio of the population aged <15 years and ≥65 years to the population aged 15-64 years.

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20
Q

True or False: A high median age is an indicator of good health and longevity.

A

True

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21
Q

What is the definition of a family in the context of health care?

A

Two or more individuals joined by ties of blood, marriage, or adoption that constitute a single household.

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22
Q

What is the role of nurses in family health nursing?

A
  • Health monitor
  • Care provider
  • Coordinator
  • Facilitator
  • Teacher
  • Counselor
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23
Q

What are the types of families identified in health care?

A
  • Nuclear
  • Extended
  • Three generational
  • Dyad
  • Single-Parent
  • Blended
  • Single adult living alone
  • Cohabiting
  • No-kin
  • Compound
  • Gay
  • Commune
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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the basic unit of service in Community Health Nursing.

A

family

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25
What is the role of the Rural Health Unit (RHU) team?
To provide health services to the community.
26
What is the definition of health deficit?
A health problem that a person or community has.
27
What is the purpose of a two-way referral system in health care?
To ensure communication among facilities and competent care.
28
What is the formula to calculate the number of pregnant women in a population?
total population x 3.5%
29
What percentage of the total population are females of reproductive age (14-45 years)?
11.5%
30
What type of graph is used to show trends over time and age?
Line graph
31
What type of graph is used for comparing values?
Bar graph
32
What does epidemiology study?
the pattern of occurrence and distribution of diseases, defects, and deaths
33
What are the priorities in care to prevent cross contamination?
* Newborn * Post partum * Pregnant mothers * Morbid cases
34
What are the phases of a home visit?
* Pre-Visit * Actual Visit * Post-Visit
35
What is descriptive epidemiology focused on?
who, where, when
36
What is the purpose of epidemiologic investigation?
identify the source/delineate etiology of an epidemic
37
What characterizes a point/common source epidemic?
common vehicle; sudden onset
38
What are the patterns of disease occurrence?
* Sporadic * Endemic * Epidemic * Pandemic * Outbreak
39
What does RA 3573 require?
Report the presence of Communicable Diseases
40
What is herd immunity?
form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a sufficient percentage of a population has become immune
41
What is the most important function of a nurse in public health?
Implement public health surveillance
42
What does vital statistics study?
the characteristics of the human populations
43
What is the Crude Birth Rate (CBR)?
overall total reported births
44
What does the Fertility Rate measure?
average number of children a woman gives birth to during her childbearing years
45
What is the formula for calculating the Neonatal Mortality Rate?
no. of deaths in year <28 days of age x 1,000 / number of live births per year
46
What does the Case Fatality Rate represent?
the proportion of cases of a disease that are fatal within a specified period of time
47
What is the Natural Increase Rate?
percentage by which a population grows based on the difference between births and deaths
48
What is the purpose of the Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS)?
to monitor health service delivery nationwide
49
What are the components of the Field Health Service Information System?
* Recording * Reporting
50
What are the characteristics of a healthy community?
* shared sense of community * feeling of control and empowerment * structures for participation * ability to cope with change * open channels of communication * equitable use of resources
51
What is community diagnosis?
an in-depth process of finding out the profiles, health status, and factors affecting the community
52
What does health status in community health nursing describe?
increased or decreased morbidity, mortality, fertility or reduced capability for health wellness
53
What is the significance of the Swaroops Index?
deaths among individuals in the age group of 50 and above; increasing SI indicates good health
54
What does the term morbidity refer to?
illness affecting the population group
55
What is the Incidence Rate (IR)?
reported new cases affecting the population group
56
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?
Incidence: NEW cases; Prevalence: OLD and NEW cases
57
What does the Crude Death Rate measure?
overall total reported death
58
What is the formula for calculating the Perinatal Mortality Rate?
no. of stillbirths + deaths of <7 days in year x 1,000 / number of births (live + still) per year
59
What is the focus of analytic epidemiology?
why, how
60
What is the main goal of community health nursing?
to prioritize community needs and promote health
61
What are the principles of community health nursing?
* community-focused * collaboration * prioritize community needs * partnership * primary prevention * psychosocial and physical environment

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