Cholinergic Agonist

Question 1

Name the neurons which use Ach as neurotransmitter

Answer 1

1. Preganglionic fibres terminating in Adrenal Medulla.
2. The autonomic ganglia ( both parasympathetic and sympathetic)
3. The post ganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division.
4. The postganglionic sympathetic division of sweat glands.

Question 2

Name Direct acting Cholinergic Agonists

Answer 2

Ach
Bethanechol
Carbachol
Cevimeline
Pilocarpine

(Aisay beth Kr sewiyan pilo)

Question 3

Indirect Cholinergic Agonists reversible

Answer 3

Ambenonium
Donepezil
Galantamine
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Physostigmine
Rivastigmine 
Tacrine

(Aam do, galay nai paro, phr rivaj takrain.)

Question 4

Indirect Cholinergic Agonist irreversible.

Answer 4

Echothiophate

Question 5

Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase

Answer 5

Pralidoxime

Question 6

Cholinergic neurons also innervate the muscles of -

____ cells

Answer 6

Somatic

Question 7

Patients with Alzheimer disease have a significant loss of ______ neurons in the temporal lobe and entorhinal cortex.

Answer 7

Cholinergic

Question 8

Most of the drugs to treat Alzheimer’s disease are

Answer 8

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Question 9

Neurotransmitter in Cholinergic neurons involve six sequential steps:

Answer 9

1. Synthesis
2. Storage
3. Release
4. Binding of Ach to receptor
5. Degradation of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft
6. Recycling of choline and acetate

Question 10

What is the synaptic cleft?

Answer 10

The space b/w nerve endings and Adjacent receptors located on nerves or effector organs

Question 11

____ is transported from the extracellular fluid into the cytoplasm of the cholinergic neuron by energy dependant carrier system that co transports Sodium.

Answer 11

Choline

Question 12

Drug that can inhibit the transport of Choline

Answer 12

Hemicholinium

Question 13

Choline has a quaternary nitrogen and carries a permanent ____ charge

Answer 13

Positive

Question 14

The uptake of chine is a _____ step in Ach synthesis.

Answer 14

Rate limiting step

Question 15

________ catalyzes the reaction of choline with acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) to from ACh in cytosol

Answer 15

Choline acetyl transferase

Question 16

Acetyl Coa is derived from mitochondria and produced by:

Answer 16

Pyruvate Oxidation

Fatty acid Oxidation

Question 17

ACh is packed and stored into _______ by an active transport process coupled to the efflux of protons.

Answer 17

Presynaptic Vesicles

Question 18

The neurotransmitter in vesicles appear as beadlike structures, known as

Answer 18

Vericosities

Question 19

Explain release of ACh

Answer 19

1. Action potential propagated by voltage sensitive sodium channel arrives at nerve ending
2. Voltage sensitive Calcium channels on presynaptic membrane open.
3. Increase in intracellular Calcium conc.
4. Elevated Ca levels promote fusion of synaptic vesicles with cell membrane.
5. ACh released in synaptic space.

Question 20

Release of ACh can be blocked by

Answer 20

Botulinum Toxin

Question 21

Toxin in black widow venom causes:

Answer 21

causes all ACh stored in synaptic vesicles to empty into synaptic gap

Question 22

Post synaptic Cholinergic receptors on irgan surface are divided into:

Answer 22

Muscarinic rec

Nicotinic rec

Question 23

AChE decomposes ACh to

Answer 23

Acetate & Choline

Question 24

Butyryl cholinesterase

Answer 24

Pseudocholinesterase

Does not play significant role in ACh termination

Question 25

What is recycling of Choline

Answer 25

Choline may be captured by a sodium coupled high affinity uptake system that takes the molecule back into the neuron. They are again acetylated to ACh

Question 26

Muscarinic receptors belong to _____ of protein Coupled Receptors.

Answer 26

Class G

Question 27

In addition to ACh, Muscarinic rec also show affinity for

Answer 27

Muscarine | An alkaloid, in certain poisonous mushrooms

Question 28

Muscarinic rec show weak affinity for

Answer 28

Nicotine

Question 29

classes of Muscarinic receptors

Answer 29

``` M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 ```

Question 29

classes of Muscarinic receptors

Answer 29

``` M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 ```

Question 30

All 5 classes of M rec are found on

Answer 30

Neurons

Question 31

M1 rec is specifically found on:

Answer 31

Gastric Parietal Cells

Question 32

M2 rec found on

Answer 32

Cardiac cells & Smooth muscles

Question 33

M3 rec found on

Answer 33

Bladder Exocrine Gland Smooth Muscle

Question 34

At High conc. Muscarinic drugs may show some activity on

Answer 34

Nicotinic receptor

Question 35

Pirnzepine is ______receptor antagonist

Answer 35

M2

Question 36

On rapid infusion , Pirenzepine produces the following side effect

Answer 36

Reflex Tachycardia

Question 37

Darifenacin is a competitive M3 antagonist used for

Answer 37

Overactive Bladder

Question 38

At present no clinically important agents interact solely with:

Answer 38

M4 & M5

Question 39

Nicotinic receptor is composed of ___ units

Answer 39

5

Question 40

Nicotinic rec function as a

Answer 40

ligand gated ion channel

Question 41

Nicotine at low concentration ____ and at high concentration ____ the nicotinic rec.

Answer 41

Stimulates, | Block

Question 42

Nicotinic rec are located in

Answer 42

CNS Adrenal Medulla Autonomic ganglia Neuromuscular junction NMJ

Question 43

Ganglionic rec are selectively blocked by

Answer 43

Hexamethonium

Question 44

NMJ rec are specifically blocked by

Answer 44

Tubocurarine