Cholinergic Antagonist Flashcards
Where are sites of action of cholinergic antagonist?
ganglia (nicotinic receptors), skeletal muscle (nicotinic receptors), end organs of PSNS (muscarinic receptors)
What are the symptoms of anticholinergics?
anti-SLUDGE
-dry mouth
-dry eyes
-tachycardia
-urinary retention
-decreased gastric secretion and decreased GI motility
-blurred near vision
What are the other names used for cholinergic antagonists?
-parasympatholytic
-anticholinergic
-antimuscarinic
What are the pharmacological effects of anticholinergics in the EYE?
mydriasis (dilation) and cycloplegia (far vision)= difficult to read/see in the light, reduction in lacrimal secretions= dry eyes
What is/are the clinical uses of cholinergic antagonist in the EYE?
facilitate examination of the retina with minimal systemic side effects
What are the anticholinergics that are used in the EYE?
homatropine, tropicamide, cyclopentolate
What are the adverse effects of using cholinergic antagonists in the EYE?
photophobia (hurts when the lights are on), blurred near vision
What are the pharmacological effects of anticholinergics in the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM?
heart= increased heart rate and cardiac output, very little effects in the blood vessels due to being predominantly controlled by the SNS, therefor no significant change in blood pressure when given alone
What are the clinical uses of cholinergic antagonists in the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM?
atropine is used in coronary care units when heart rate is plummeting or for surgical use to decrease excess secretions
What are the adverse effects of anticholinergics in the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM?
atropine flush= inhibition of sweating which causes a patient’s temperature to rise and indirectly causes dilation of cutaneous blood vessels of the faces DOES NOT DIRECTLY ACT ON BLOOD VESSELS
What are the pharmacological effects of cholinergic antagonists in the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
blocks PSNS tone that acts with SNS to control level of bronchodilation (PSNS is invoked in the response to allergens and chemicals)
What are the clinical uses of anticholinergics in the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
causes bronchodilation, but works better as a preventative and not an alleviator (not a rescue agent), so used in the treatment of COPD and not recommended for asthma
What are the anticholinergic used for the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
ipratropium and tiotropium (for COPD and asthma exclusively) and atropine can be used for surgery to decrease secretions in the mouth and lungs that could cause a choking risk
What are the adverse effects of cholinergic antagonists for the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
since the drugs are quaternary amines it is 100% ionized and cannot enter the CNS and is not absorbed by the GI so the biggest side effect is dry mouth
Signs of Overdose of Anticholinergics:
-Blind as a Bat (dilation)
-Hot as Hades (blocking sweat glands)
-Dry as a Bone (dry mouth)
-Mad as a Hatter (delirium)
-Bowel and bladder lose their tone
-Heart races on alone (increased HR)
