Cholinergic mechanism

Question 1

Both nicotinic and muscarinic receptor play a role in the dopamine reward pathway
T or F

Answer 1

T

Question 2

The side effect of using succinylcholine as a nmj blocker is that?

Answer 2

succinylcholine can cause electrolyte imbalance/abnormalities

Question 3

N1 nicotinic receptor is found in ___A___ while N2 nicotinic receptor is found in ____B____

Answer 3

A - muscle type
B - neuronal type

Question 4

The type of receptors found on the adrenal medulla are the?

Answer 4

nicotinic receptor (n2)

Question 5

nicotinic receptor subtypes in the brain influences cell migration, neuronal outgrowth and signaling pathway
T or F

Answer 5

T

Question 6

List the muscarinic receptor subtypes and where they are found

Answer 6

M1 - cerebral cortex, salivary and gastric glands
M2 - smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
M3 - smooth muscle, salivary and gastric glands
M4/M5 - hippocampus and substantia nigra

Question 7

All subtypes of muscarinic receptors are found in the CNS
T OR F

Answer 7

T

Question 8

nicotinic receptors are what type of receptors

Answer 8

Ionotropic

Question 9

nicotinic receptor channels consist of 5 heterogeneous subunits which allows ion to pass through when activated
T or F

Answer 9

F
5 homologous subunits

Question 10

list the subunits that make up the nicotinic receptor channel

Answer 10

2 alpha subunits
1 Beta
1 gama
1 delta
Nb: the binding sites are located on the alpha subunits

Question 11

The development of muscarinic subtype specific agonist/antagonist is difficult because?

Answer 11

The orthosteric binding pocket of the receptors are highly conserved

Question 12

pirenzipine is a muscarinic agonist that is 44 times selective to M1 receptors than M2
T or F

Answer 12

F
it is an antagonist

Question 13

darifenacin (a muscarinic antagonist) is selective to what type of muscarinic receptor and it is used to treat what?

Answer 13

M3 selective
overactive bladder

Question 14

the contraction of smooth muscles of airway, ilium, iris, bladder are mediated by what receptors

Answer 14

M3 receptor
although M2 are usually co expressed with M3 in smooth muscles

Question 15

Vagal release on the heart acts on what receptor exclusively

Answer 15

M2 receptors

Question 16

exocrine secretion such as saliva and insulin is mediated by what receptor

Answer 16

M3 with a smaller role played by M1

Question 17

in transgenic studies with mice, knocking out the M1 receptor gene produced what effect?

Answer 17

increase in locomotion and hyperactivity
reduced learning and memory

Question 18

what receptor is expressed in the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center

Answer 18

M2
acts to bring down temperature

Question 19

melanin concentrating hormone in hypothalamus feeding center posses what receptors

Answer 19

M3 receptors

Question 20

dopamine mediated locomotor movements are inhibited via what receptor

Answer 20

M4

Question 21

The 2nd messenger for M1 and M3 is?

Answer 21

Ip3 and DAG
M1 and M3 activate phospholipase C which activates this 2nd messengers

Question 22

M2 receptors act by inhibiting what enzyme

Answer 22

adenylate cyclase
which means it can’t catalyze production of CAMP leasing to low CAMP

Question 23

ipratropium and tiotropium are what kind of antagonist and what are they used to treat

Answer 23

muscarinic antagonist
use to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder(copd) and rhinorrhea (runny nose)

Question 24

Bethanecol is an example of what kind of agonist

Answer 24

direct acting muscarinic agonist

Question 25

pilocarpine is an example of what kind of agonist

Answer 25

direct acting muscarinic agonist

Question 26

carbachol is an example of what kind of agonist

Answer 26

direct acting nicotinic AND muscarinic agonist

Question 27

list 2 direct acting nicotinic agonist

Answer 27

nicotine
succinylcholine

Question 28

physostigmine
pyridostigmine
neostigmine
edrophonium
are all examples of what kind of cholinergic ligand

Answer 28

reversible indirect acting cholinergic agonist
nb: indirect agonist affect both muscarinic and nicotinic receptor because they are actually inhibiting acetylcholinesterase found in both

Question 29

the 3 reversible indirect cholinergic agonists used to treat alzheimer are:
donezepil
galantamine
rivastigmine

T or F

Answer 29

T

Question 30

an example of a irreversible indirect cholinergic agonist is?

Answer 30

echothiophate

irreversible because they irreversibly bind to acetylcholineesterase thereby permanently disabling it from ending the action of ach on receptors

Question 31

list the complications that may arise from muscarinic agonist

Answer 31

SLUDWARMF
Sweating
Lacrimation
urination
diarrhea
wheezing
accommodation
rhinorrhea
miosis
fasciculation

Question 32

list 2 neuronal type nicotinic antagonist

Answer 32

mecamylamine
nicotine(at high doses)

Question 33

At low dose nicotine acts as a __A___
while at high dose it acts as a ___B___

Answer 33

A direct nicotinic agonist
B neuronal nicotinic antagonist

Question 34

pancuronium
vecuronium
rocuronium
atracunium
tubocurarine are examples of

Answer 34

muscle type nicotinic antagonist

Question 35

Substrate site is also known as

Answer 35

Orthosteric site