Cholinergics

Question 1

M1 receptors

Answer 1

activates myenteric plexus

Question 2

M2 receptors

Answer 2

decreases heart rate and contraction

“M2s are where the heart is”

Question 3

M3 receptors

Answer 3

contracts circular ciliary mm.
bronchiolar/GI smooth mm.
Secretions of the glands

Question 4

succinylcholine

Answer 4

nicotinic receptor antagonist, muscle relaxant
causes depolarizing block
contraindicated in patients with familial hyperthermia

Question 5

Nn receptor

Answer 5

postganglionic cells in the autonomic ganglia

Question 6

Nm receptor

Answer 6

skeletal mm. membranes

Question 7

nicotine

Answer 7

Nn receptor agonist

Question 8

acetylcholine

Answer 8

nicotinic and muscarinic receptor agonist

Question 9

methacholine

Answer 9

primarily a muscarinic receptor agonist

Question 10

carbachol

Answer 10

muscarinic and nicotinic receptor agonist
reduces IOP (post cataract, glaucoma)
miotic agent

Question 11

bethanechol

Answer 11

selective muscarinic receptor agonist of the GI tract/bladder

Question 12

muscarine

Answer 12

selective muscarinic receptor agonist

Question 13

pillow-carpine

Answer 13

selective muscarinic agonist
glaucoma drug
cry, drool, and sweat on your pillow

Question 14

neostigmine

Answer 14

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor
Nm receptor agonist
used to treat myasthenia gravis

Question 15

edrophonium

Answer 15

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor
Nn agonist
used to make differential diagnosis between myasthenia gravis and ACh overstimulation

Question 16

physostigmine

Answer 16

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor
long lasting
indicated in atropine poisoning
crosses BBB so it counteracts delirium

Question 17

donepezil

Answer 17

reversible cholinesterase inhibitor in the CNS, used in treatment of alzheimers

Question 18

organophosphates

Answer 18

irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor (most not used clinically)
causes DUMBBELSS symptoms

Question 19

DUMBBELSS

what are they? what causes them?

Answer 19

symptoms of organophosphate toxicity
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchorrhea
Bradycardia
Excitation
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation

Question 20

treatment of severe organophosphate poisoning

Answer 20

1. mechanical ventilation
2. oral secretion suction
3. atropine
4. 2-PAM

Question 21

echothiophate

Answer 21

irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor

used clinically for long term miosis

Question 22

atropine

Answer 22

muscarinic antagonist (know the 5 Ps)

Question 23

5 Ps of atropine

Answer 23

1. peeing (decreased urgency)
2. pooping (decreased motility of the colon)
3. poisoning (decreased effect of organophosphates)
4. pupils (causes mydriasis)
5. pumping (reverse bradycardia)

Question 24

scopolamine

Answer 24

muscarinic antagonist
minimize secretions for surgery
minimize nausea following surgery

Question 25

glycopyrrolate

Answer 25

muscarinic antagonist to prevent overstimulation of the gut

Question 26

2PAM

Answer 26

cholinesterase inhibitor antidote given following atropine administration reactivates alkylphosphorylated AChE

Question 27

sarin gas

Answer 27

an organophosphate