Cholinergics

Question 1

Referred to the involuntary nervous system

Answer 1

ANS

Question 2

Involved in the voluntary controlled functions such as the contraction of skeletal muscles

Answer 2

Somatic

Question 3

Important in reflex regulation of the ANS, examples include the baroreceptor reflex and emotional stimuli

Answer 3

Afforestation neurons

Question 4

Pre and postganglionic neurons

Answer 4

Efferent neurons

Question 5

Preganglionic cell body located within

Answer 5

CNS

Question 6

Where do preganglionic cells emerge

Answer 6

From the brain stem or spinal cord and make a synaptic connection in a ganglia, these ganglia function as relates between the presynaptic neuron and a second neuron

Question 7

Cell body originates in the ganglia

Answer 7

Postganglionc neurons

Question 8

Is nonmyleinated and terminates on effector organs

Answer 8

Postganglionic neuron

Question 9

Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system arise from

Answer 9

Thoracolumbar regions of spinal cord

Question 10

Parasympathetic neurons arise from what

Answer 10

Cranial sacral
(CN III, VII, IX, X)
(S2-4)

Question 11

Where do muscarinic agonists work

Answer 11

-various organs in the body

Question 12

Is a muscarinic agonist symp or parasympathetic like

Answer 12

Parasympathetic

Question 13

What is the exception to the muscarinic agonists being parasympathetic like

Answer 13

Sweat glands.

Question 14

Effect of muscarinic agonist on eyes

Answer 14

Constrict

Question 15

Muscarinic agonist effect on heart

Answer 15

Bradycardia

Question 16

Muscarinic agonist effect on lungs

Answer 16

Bronchoconstriion

Question 17

Muscarinic agonist affect on GI

Answer 17

Increased gut motility

Question 18

Muscarinic agonist affect on urinary

Answer 18

Increased motility of urinary

Question 19

Muscarinic agonist affect on sweat glands

Answer 19

Will cause sweating

Question 20

Side effects of muscarinic agonists

Answer 20

Sweating, diarrhea

Question 21

Is muscarinic antagonist more symp like or parasympathetic like

Answer 21

Sympathetic

Question 22

Effect of muscarinic antagonist on eye

Answer 22

Dilate

Question 23

Affect of muscarinic antagonist on heart

Answer 23

Increased HR

Question 24

Affect of muscarinic antagonist on the lungs

Answer 24

Bronchodilate

Question 25

Affect of muscarinic antagonist on GI

Answer 25

Decreased motility

Question 26

Affect of muscarinic antagonist on sweat glands

Answer 26

Stop sweating

Question 27

Side effects of muscarinic antagonists

Answer 27

Anhydrosis, hyperthermia, red flush

Question 28

Parasympathetic pre and post ganglionic neurons

Answer 28

Ganglia close to organ, long preganglionic neuron, short postganglionic neuron

Question 29

What systems do the parasmypathic nervous system affect

Answer 29

Cardiac, smooth muscle, gland cells, and nerve terminals

Question 30

Sympathetic neurons length

Answer 30

Ganglion located next to spine, short preganglionic, long postganglionic

Question 31

What is the receptor and NT for ALL first synapse of the pre and postganglionic neurons, not matter what system it is

Answer 31

Nn and Ach

Question 32

What is the terminal receptor and NT for parasympathetic

Answer 32

Muscarinic | Ach

Question 33

What is the terminal receptor and NT for sweat glands

Answer 33

They are sympathetic, but the receptor is muscarinic and the NT is Ach

Question 34

What is the terminal receptor and NT for sympathetic for most of the places

Answer 34

Alpha or beta | NE

Question 35

What is the terminal receptor and NT for sympathetic in renal vaculature

Answer 35

Dopaminergic receptors and D1

Question 36

What is the terminal receptor and NT for the adrenal medulla

Answer 36

The preganglionic synapses directly onto the adrenal medulla and it releases epi and NE into the blood directly

Question 37

What is a neurohumoral organ and what does it do

Answer 37

Adrenal medulla sends epi into the blood which signals the whole system to activate sympathetic

Question 38

What is the difference between Nn and Nm receptors

Answer 38

Nm is on the NMJ | The rest are Nn (all preganglionic synapses)

Question 39

Do all pathways have cholinergic?

Answer 39

All pathways have cholinergic, but parasympathetic has 2 cholinergics (Nn and Nm)

Question 40

Are sweat glands sympathetic or parasympathetic

Answer 40

Sympathetic

Question 41

Why are sweat glands unusual?

Answer 41

They are sympathetic but they have 2 cholinergic receptors. Terminal is muscarinic and Ach

Question 42

Adrenergic sympathetic

Answer 42

Synthesize and release NE onto alpha and beta

Question 43

Somatic neurons

Answer 43

Single nerve, skeletal muscle contraction, Na/K ion channels, rapid

Question 44

Functions of sympathetic

Answer 44

- functions as complete system because of NE - fight or flight - not essential for life

Question 45

Which system is not essential for life

Answer 45

Sympathetic

Question 46

Function of parasympathetic

Answer 46

- maintains essential bodily functions - is required for life - rest and digest

Question 47

Which system is essential for life

Answer 47

Parasympathetic

Question 48

Role of the CNS in autonomic control of Viscera

Answer 48

``` Reflex response -baroreceptors -does not involve consciousness Strong emotion - rage -fear -pleasure ```

Question 49

How does strong emotion affect the ANS

Answer 49

It activates both the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. Reason why you get so scared you shit your pants

Question 50

Dual innervation of the ANS

Answer 50

Most organs are innervated by both. Parasympathetic controls us, dominate system. Only sympathetic dominate when they are the only system present

Question 51

Oranges receiving only sympathetic innervation

Answer 51

Blood vessels Adrenal medulla Sweat glands

Question 52

Sympathetic actions of eye

Answer 52

Contraction of iris radial muscle (dilate)

Question 53

Parasympathetic actions of eye

Answer 53

- contraction of iris sphincter muscle (constrict) | - contraction of ciliary muscle (accommodates)

Question 54

Sympathetic function of lungs

Answer 54

Dilates

Question 55

Parasympathetic functions of lungs

Answer 55

Constrictis, increases secretions

Question 56

Sympathetic action of heart

Answer 56

Increased HR, increased contractility

Question 57

Parasympathetic action of heart

Answer 57

Decreased rate and contractility

Question 58

Sympathetic action of blood vessels (skeletal muscles)

Answer 58

Dilation

Question 59

Sympathetic action of blood vessels in skin, mucus membranes, and splanchnic

Answer 59

Constriction

Question 60

How are neurons communicating

Answer 60

NT

Question 61

Types of NT

Answer 61

-ACh, NE, Epi

Question 62

Neurons which release acetylcholine are termed

Answer 62

Cholinergic

Question 63

NT of adrenal medulla

Answer 63

ACh

Question 64

If NE or epi is the NT, the fiber is called

Answer 64

Adrenergic

Question 65

Mediates the transmission of nerve impulses from autonomic postganglionic nerves to effector organs

Answer 65

NE and Epi

Question 66

Nerves cant make

Answer 66

Epi

Question 67

Adrenal does what to NE

Answer 67

Turns it into epi and puts it into the blood stream | Epi goes everywhere